Az aspirációs index rövidített változatának pszichometriai jellemzői hazai mintán = Psychometric Characteristics of the Shortened Aspiration Index in Hungarian Sample

Tanulmányunkban bemutatjuk az Aspirációs Index rövidített, 14 tételes változatát. A kérdőív a hosszú távú, általános célok felmérésére szolgáló mérőeszköz, mely az intrinzik (fejlődés, kapcsolatok, közösségi elkötelezettség), az extrinzik (gazdagság, hírnév és jó megjelenés), illetve az egészséggel kapcsolatos motivációkat térképezi fel. A rövidített kérdőív megbízhatóságát és érvényességét egy 518 fős és egy 341 fős mintán ellenőriztük. A validáláshoz a Rövidített Beck Depresszió Kérdőívet, az Életcél Kérdőívet, az Élettel Való Elégedettség Skálát alkalmaztuk, valamint az Életcél és Kapcsolatok alskálát a Rahe-féle Stressz és Megküzdés Kérdőívből. Az extrinzik és intrinzik célok egymástól nagy mértékben független változóknak bizonyultak, s különböző módon viszonyulnak az egészségmagatartás és lelki egészség mutatóihoz is. Az intrinzik célok fontossága pozitívan járt együtt az élet értelmességének érzésével, illetve az élettel való elégedettséggel, és negatívan a depresszív tünetek gyakoriságával, az extrinzik célok fontossága viszont nem mutatott összefüggést ezekkel a változókkal. Az egészséggel kapcsolatos célok nem képeztek független faktort, de nem is voltak egyértelműen besorolhatók az extrinzik illetve intrinzik célok közé. Az adatokból kiderül továbbá, hogy a célok fontosságának értékelése összefügg olyan szociodemográfiai változókkal, mint a nem, a kor, a képzettség és a vallásosság. Ez arra utal, hogy a mérőeszközzel folytatott vizsgálatokban ezeknek a tényezőknek a szerepét érdemes figyelembe venni. Eredményeink megerősítik, hogy a Rövidített Aspirációs Index megfelelő mérőeszköz, mely jól használható akár nagy mintán végzett adatfelvételek során is. Segítségével feltérképezhetők az általános, gyakran előforduló célokhoz kapcsolódó személyes viszonyulások, melyek a mindennapi magatartást, és így a testi és lelki egészséget is befolyásolják. | The shortened, 14-item version of the Aspiration Index and its psychometric qualities are presented in the article. The original questionnaire was designed to measure attitudes toward general life goals representing intrinsic (growth, affiliation community contribution), extrinsic (wealth, fame, physical appearance) and health-related motivations. The reliability and validity of the shortened version were verified in two samples consisting of 518 and 341 persons. The validity was checked against the Shortened Beck Depression Scale, the Purpose in Life Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Life Meaning Subscale from R. Rahe's Brief Stress and Coping Inventory. Extrinsic and intrinsic goals proved to be largely independent and they were also related differently to health behavior and mental health. Importance of intrinsic goals correlated positively with meaning in and satisfaction with life and negatively with frequency of depressive symptoms, whereas importance of extrinsic goals did not show any connection with the aforementioned measures. Health related goals did not produce an independent factor but could not be clearly classified as intrinsic or extrinsic either. Furthermore, data analysis revealed that importance of goals is connected with sociodemographic factors like gender, age, education and religiosity. Results indicate that these factors are to be considered in future use of the scale. Our study confirms that the Shortened Aspiration Index is a valid measure for assessing the personal attitudes toward life goals widely pursued in the contemporary society

Custodiol-N, the novel cardioplegic solution reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass

Backgrounds: On the basis of Custodiol preservation and cardioplegic solution a novel cardioplegic solution was developed to improve the postischemic cardiac and endothelial function. In this study, we investigated whether its reduced cytotoxicity and its ability to reduce reactive oxygen species generation during hypoxic condition have beneficial effects in a clinically relevant canine model of CPB. Methods: 12 dogs underwent cardiopulmonary bypass with 60 minutes of hypothermic cardiac arrest. Dogs were divided into 2 groups: Custodiol (n = 6) and Custodiol-N (n = 6) (addition of L-arginin, N-α-acetyl-L-histidine and iron-chelators: deferoxamine and LK-614). Left ventricular hemodynamic variables were measured by a combined pressure-volume conductance catheter at baseline and after 60 minutes of reperfusion. Coronary blood flow, myocardial ATP content, plasma nitrate/nitrite and plasma myeloperoxidase levels were also determined. Results: The use of Custodiol-N cardioplegic solution improved coronary blood flow (58 ± 7 ml/min vs. 26 ± 3 ml/min) and effectively prevented cardiac dysfunction after cardiac arrest. In addition, the myocardial ATP content (12,8 ± 1,0 μmol/g dry weight vs. 9,5 ± 1,5 μmol/g dry weight) and plasma nitrite (1,1 ± 0,3 ng/ml vs. 0,5 ± 0,2 ng/ml) were significantly higher after application of the new cardioplegic solution. Furthermore, plasma myeloperoxidase level (3,4 ± 0,4 ng/ml vs. 4,3 ± 2,2 ng/ml) significantly decreased in Custodiol-N group. Conclusions: The new HTK cardioplegic solution (Custodiol-N) improved myocardial and endothelial function after cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic cardiac arrest. The observed protective effects imply that the Custodiol-N could be the next generation cardioplegic solution in the protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery

Transport of NaCl, MgSO4, MgCl2 and Na2SO4 across DL type nanofiltration membrane

The separation of inorganic ions by membrane filtration of aqueous solutions through NF-membranes was investigated. The single and binary salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4 and MgSO4 were used in this study. These salts are the most commonly found in natural water resources. From the research literature it was stated that NaCl has a very low rejection range with NF membranes while MgCl2 is moderately rejected, Na2SO4 and MgSO4 are very highly rejected salts. Thus, these four salts provide a full range of rejection behavior for the NF system and hence constitute an ideal system. In addition, these salts have a very high solubility in water so there would not be any cake layer formed due to precipitation of salts at the surface of the membrane where a significantly higher concentration of salt can be developed due to concentration polarization

SIMULATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING AND LINK ALLOCATION STRATEGIES IN ATM NETWORKS

For Broadband Integrated Services Digital (B-ISDN) networks ATM is a promising technology, because it supports a wide range of services with different bandwidth demands, traffic characteristics and QoS requirements. This diversity of services makes traffic control in these networks much more complicated than in existing circuit or packet switched networks. Traffic control procedures include both actions necessary for setting up virtual connections (VC), such as bandwidth assignment, call admission, routing and resource allocation and congestion control measures necessary to maintain throughput in overload situations. This paper deals with routing and link allocation, and analyses the performance of such algorithms in terms of call blocking probability, link capacity utilization and QoS parameters. In our model the network carries out the following steps when a call is offered to the network: (1) Assign an appropriate bandwidth to an offered call (Bandwidth assignment) (2) Find a transmission path between the source and destination with enough available transmission capacity (Routing) (3) Allocate resource along that path (Link allocation) We consider an example 5-node network [7], conduct an extensive survey of routing, and link allocation algorithms. Regarding step (1) we employ the equivalent link capacity assignment presented by various interesting papers [1]-[5]. We find that the choice of routing and link allocation algorithms has a great impact on network performance, and that different routing algorithms perform best under different network load values. Shortest path routing (SPR) is a good candidate for low, alternate routing (AR) for medium and non-alternate routing (NAR) for high traffic load values. Concerning link allocation strategies, we find that partial overlap (POL) strategies that seem to be able to present near optimal performance are superior to complete sharing (CS) and complete partitioning (CP) strategies. As a further improvement of the POL scheme, we propose a 2-level link allocation algorithm, which yields highest link utilization. In this scheme, not only the accesses of different service classes to different virtual paths (VPs) are controlled, but also an individual VP's transmission capacity is optimally allocated to the service classes according to their bandwidth requirements in order to assure high link utilization. This method seems to be adjustable to the fine degree of granularity of bandwidth demands in B-ISDN networks. It is shown that in order to minimize cell loss the call level resource allocation plays a significant role: networks with the same buffer size switches display different cell loss probabilities in the nodes and impose different end-to-end delay on cells if the link allocation and routing differ. Again, we find that when traffic is tolerable by the network, SPR causes the least cell loss. This can be explained by the fact that SPR spreads the incoming calls in the network. It eagerly seeks new routes instead of utilizing the already used but still not congested routes. SPR obviously wastes more rapidly link and buffer capacity as traffic load becomes higher than the AR, which chooses a new route only when it has to, i.e. when the route of higher priority becomes congested. That is why we experience that as soon as the SPR starts loosing cells, it indicates that available resources have been consumed and it rapidly goes up to very high blocking probabilities after a small further increase of load

Gene up-regulation by DNA demethylation in 35S-gshI-transgenic poplars (Populus x canescens)

Gene expression levels of transgene 35S-gshI (γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase) cloned from E. coli, and the endogenous gene gsh1 of poplar (Populus x canescens) were upregulated by the DNA demethylating agent DHAC (5,6-dihydro-5'-azacytidine hydrochloride) (10-4 M for 7 days) in aseptic leaf discs cultures. Two 35S-gshI-transgenic (6lgl and 11ggs) and wild type (WT) poplar clones were used. The efficiency of gene upregulation was also analyzed under herbicide paraquat stress (4 x 10-7 M). Levels of gshI-mRNA and gsh1-mRNA were determined by RT-qPCR (reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR) after cDNA synthesis. For internal control, the constitutively expressed housekeeping poplar genes α-tubulin and actin were used, and the 2−HHCt method was applied for data analysis. In long term DHAC treatment (21 days), a morphogenetic response of de novo root development was observed on leaf discs in a wide concentration range of DHAC (10-8 to 10-6 M). Adventitious shoots (11ggs clone) also emerged from leaf discs after a combined treatment with DHAC (10-4 M) and paraquat (10-7 M). Shoots were dissected, rooted and transplanted in glass houses for further analyses for phytoremediation capacity. Since DNA methylation patterns are inherited (epigenetic memory), these poplar plants with increased gene expression levels of both transgene 35S-gshI and endogenous gene gsh1 provide novel plant sources for in situ application

Incrementalizing Lattice-Based Program Analyses in Datalog

Program analyses detect errors in code, but when code changes frequently as in an IDE, repeated re-analysis from-scratch is unnecessary: It leads to poor performance unless we give up on precision and recall. Incremental program analysis promises to deliver fast feedback without giving up on precision or recall by deriving a new analysis result from the previous one. However, Datalog and other existing frameworks for incremental program analysis are limited in expressive power: They only support the powerset lattice as representation of analysis results, whereas many practically relevant analyses require custom lattices and aggregation over lattice values. To this end, we present a novel algorithm called DRedL that supports incremental maintenance of recursive lattice-value aggregation in Datalog. The key insight of DRedL is to dynamically recognize increasing replacements of old lattice values by new ones, which allows us to avoid the expensive deletion of the old value. We integrate DRedL into the analysis framework IncA and use IncA to realize incremental implementations of strong-update points-to analysis and string analysis for Java. As our performance evaluation demonstrates, both analyses react to code changes within milliseconds

A COVID-19 járvány nyomán formálódó szemléletváltás elemeinek megjelenése a 2020. évi uniós válságkezelés, valamint a 2020-ban közzétett új uniós iparstratégia dokumentumaiban

This article aims to provide a review about how the shift in economic strategy, partly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, is reflected in the European Union’s new industrial strategy and to examine the elements of this discourse in the EU’s 2020 crisis management. In addition to the analisys of the EU crisis response, we are going tot o analyze the crisis management of Germany and Italy, the two largest industries in the European Union. The significance of the separate examination of these two countries is given by the fact that Koppány’s (2020) calculations of the world model of supply and demand-driven input-output show that the performance of the Hungarian economy is the most sensitive to the turbulence of the German and Italian economies (Koppány [2020]). The study will examine how the European Union and its two largest industrial powers have reacted to the epidemic in 2020 and will try to identify elements of the new trends observed internationally in the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic (appreciation of security of supply and national security, recognition of the importance of domestic production capacities, digitization, sustainability etc.). We will put special emphasys to report and examine the measures aimed at the SMEs, due to their key role in the regionalization and sustainability goals of the EU industrial strategy and economy in general