Sacudidas salariales y variabilidad del consumo en México durante los años 90

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) En este trabajo se presentan elementos de juicio sobre la relación entre las sacudidas económicas y el salario relativo de los varones y los cambios de consumo de los hogares en México durante los años 90, un período caracterizado por una inestabilidad elevada. Además de realizar esta clase de análisis con México por primera vez, el trabajo presenta dos aportes principales. El primero es el uso de fuentes alternativas de datos para construir variables instrumentales de salarios. El segundo es analizar las diferencias entre cuatro categorías de consumo: bienes perecederos, bienes no perecederos, educación y salud. Nuestros resultados en cuanto al consumo de bienes perecederos rechazan la hipótesis de que los hogares mexicanos son capaces de asegurarse contra el riesgo idiosincrásico. En cuanto a las comparaciones entre categorías de consumo, la conclusión es que en México los hogares tienden a reaccionar a sacudidas pasajeras contrayendo el consumo de bienes que representan inversiones de más largo plazo en el capital humano, lo que los hace más vulnerables en el futuro.

An Asset-Based Approach to the Analysis of Poverty in Latin America

Poverty reduction remains one of the main challenges for Latin America at the end of the 20th century. Most of the countries in the region are classified as middle income by international standards, and yet they register poverty rates well above what would be expected given their GDP per capita. The reason for this "excess poverty" lies in the high inequality in the distribution of resources.

The Covid-19 pandemic and Europe

This papers looks into the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the European Union. The current crisis found European economies in very different situations regarding their economic fundamentals and fiscal capacities to support their economies. Thus, the need for a strong EU level policy response emerged. Europe has learned its lessons from the previous crisis and acted decisively and in a coordinated fashion. The paper discusses these policy responses and some of the longer-term challenges of the current crisis

Stochastic integration based on simple, symmetric random walks

A new approach to stochastic integration is described, which is based on an a.s. pathwise approximation of the integrator by simple, symmetric random walks. Hopefully, this method is didactically more advantageous, more transparent, and technically less demanding than other existing ones. In a large part of the theory one has a.s. uniform convergence on compacts. In particular, it gives a.s. convergence for the stochastic integral of a finite variation function of the integrator, which is not c\`adl\`ag in general.Comment: 16 pages, some typos correcte

loss of the external anchor?

In recent years, fiscal performance in Central Europe has steadily deteriorated, in contrast to the improvement in the Baltics. This paper explores the determinants of such differences among countries on the path to EU accession. Regression estimates suggest that economic and institutional fundamentals do not provide a full explanation. An alternative explanation lies in the political economy of the accession process, and a game-theoretic model illustrates why a country with a stronger bargaining position might have an incentive to deviate from convergence to the Maastricht criteria. The model generates alternative fiscal policy regimes—allowing for regime shifts—depending on country characteristics and EU policies