Table S2 Statistical tables from Impacts of ocean acidification on sea urchin growth across the juvenile to mature adult life-stage transition is mitigated by warming

Two factor PERMANCOVA and PERMANOVA analysis of growth (% change in diameter), growth (% change in wet weight), gonad index and coelomic fluid pH data. Temperatures and pH were fixed factors. Initial diameter was used as a covariate for the analysis of percentage change in diameter and wet weight

Palatability of pedicellariae to fish when in an artificial diet

The proportion (count) of artificial diet (1:10 ratio of pureed squid mantle to 0.45 µm filtered seawater, and 5% sodium alginate) with and without pedicellariae consumed by Chromis atripectoralis and Pseudanthias hypselosoma in a laboratory feeding assay

Palatability of pedicellariae to fish

The proportion (count) of pedicellariae with venom and with venom extracted consumed by Chromis atripectoralis and Pseudanthias hypselosoma in a laboratory feeding assay

Release of pedicellariae following simulated attacks

The number of pedicellariae released after simulated fish attack by five species of sea urchin found in the Coffs Harbour region. Fish attack was simulated mechanically by touching and tapping the test with forceps, and control sea urchins were undisturbed

Palatability of pedicellariae to fish when in an artificial diet in the field

The weight (g) and percent of biomass of artificial diets with and without pedicellariae consumed by Scorpis lineolatus in the field

Levels of chl <i>a</i> (μg L^-1) on the Great Barrier Reef where hotspots of <i>Acanthaster planci</i> outbreaks occur (Wet Tropics, Burdekin and Fitzroy), when larvae would be expected in the plankton (November-March).

<p>Average (a) natural chl <i>a</i> from 2011–2014 (n = 20; ±se), and (b) mean and (c) maximum chl <i>a</i> recorded for the week following major cyclone or flood events between 2009–2014 (n = 7; ±se). Data sourced from eReefs (<a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/marinewaterquality/" target="_blank">http://www.bom.gov.au/marinewaterquality/</a>).</p

Examples of development of <i>Acanthaster planci</i> larvae.

<p>(a) Brachiolaria (day 16) with rudiment (r), (b) late-bipinnaria (day 7), (c) early-bipinnaria (day 4), (d-f) abnormal, distorted or arrested development.</p

Regions on the Great Barrier Reef where hotspots of <i>Acanthaster planci</i> outbreaks occur (Wet Tropics, Burdekin, Fitzroy), with indication of coastal, mid-shelf and offshore reefs.

<p>The ‘initiation box’ for <i>A</i>. <i>planci</i> outbreaks between Cooktown and Cairns [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0122010#pone.0122010.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>] is indicated by the rectangle.</p

Do pedicellariae act as a pursuit-deterrent cue?

The response of Chromis atripectoralis and Pseudanthias hypselosoma to water-borne cues from the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla before and after it has been induced to release pedicellariae, and to seawater with no cue. When no sea urchin was present some fish individuals preferred one side of the flume over another (>60% of time in one channel). The data with a cue thus indicate time (%) spent in treatment water when the sea urchin was on their preferred side

PERMANOVA analysis of settlement of <i>Tripneustes gratilla</i> to <i>Sargassum linearifolium</i> conditioned seawater after 96 hours.

<p>Significant differences (P<0.05) are in bold; df, degrees of freedom, MS, mean square.</p