Palaeocopida (Ostracoda) across the Permian–Triassic events: new data from southwestern Taurus (Turkey)

Abstract. The Palaeocopida have been considered as an entirely Palaeozoic group and their disappearance as a marker for the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic boundary. Despite this, 11 Palaeocopida species have been recorded in the Early Triassic. New data obtained in southwestern Taurus at the Permian– Triassic section of Çürük daǧ, permit an assessment of this problem. This paper synthesizes the data on lowermost Triassic ostracodes and revises the youngest Palaecopida occurrences. A new Early Triassic Palaeocopida species is described (Reviya curukensis n. sp.)

Wave front migration of endothelial cells in a bone-implant interface

The neo-vascularization of the host site is crucial for the primary fixation and the long-term stability of the bone-implant interface. Our aim was to investigate the progression of endothelial cell population in the first weeks of healing. We proposed a theoretical reactive model to study the role of initial conditions, random motility, haptotaxis and chemotaxis in interactions with fibronectin factors and transforming angiogenic factors. The application of governing equations concerned a canine experimental implant and numerical experiments based upon statistical designs of experiments supported the discussion. We found that chemotaxis due to transforming angiogenic factors was attracting endothelial cells present into the host bone. Haptotaxis conditioned by fibronectin factors favored cells adhesion to the host bone. The combination of diffusive and reactive effects nourished the wave front migration of endothelial cells from the host bone towards the implant. Angiogenesis goes together with new-formed bone formation in clinics, so the similarity of distribution patterns of mineralized tissue observed in-vivo and the spatio-temporal concentration of endothelial cells predicted by the model, tended to support the reliability of our theoretical approach

Effects of carrying a pregnancy and of method of delivery on urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to identify risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in women three months after giving birth. METHODS: Urinary incontinence before and during pregnancy was assessed at study enrolment early in the third trimester. Incontinence was re-assessed three months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the role of maternal and obstetric factors in causing postpartum urinary incontinence. This prospective cohort study in 949 pregnant women in Quebec, Canada was nested within a randomised controlled trial of prenatal perineal massage. RESULTS: Postpartum urinary incontinence was increased with prepregnancy incontinence (adjusted odds ratio [adj0R] 6.44, 95% CI 4.15, 9.98), incontinence beginning during pregnancy (adjOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.32, 2.83), and higher prepregnancy body mass index (adjOR 1.07/unit of BMI, 95% CI 1.03,1.11). Caesarean section was highly protective (adjOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.14, 0.50). While there was a trend towards increasing incontinence with forceps delivery (adjOR 1.73, 95% CI 0.96, 3.13) this was not statistically significant. The weight of the baby, episiotomy, the length of the second stage of labour, and epidural analgesia were not predictive of urinary incontinence. Nor was prenatal perineal massage, the randomised controlled trial intervention. When the analysis was limited to women having their first vaginal birth, the same risk factors were important, with similar adjusted odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence during pregnancy is extremely common, affecting over half of pregnant women. Urinary incontinence beginning during pregnancy roughly doubles the likelihood of urinary incontinence at 3 months postpartum, regardless whether delivery is vaginal or by Caesarean section

Customized birth weight for gestational age standards: Perinatal mortality patterns are consistent with separate standards for males and females but not for blacks and whites

BACKGROUND: Some currently available birth weight for gestational age standards are customized but others are not. We carried out a study to provide empirical justification for customizing such standards by sex and for whites and blacks in the United States. METHODS: We studied all male and female singleton live births and stillbirths (22 or more weeks of gestation; 500 g birth weight or over) in the United States in 1997 and 1998. White and black singleton live births and stillbirths were also examined. Qualitative congruence between gestational age-specific growth restriction and perinatal mortality rates was used as the criterion for identifying the preferred standard. RESULTS: The fetuses at risk approach showed that males had higher perinatal mortality rates at all gestational ages compared with females. Gestational age-specific growth restriction rates based on a sex-specific standard were qualitatively consistent with gestational age-specific perinatal mortality rates among males and females. However, growth restriction patterns among males and females based on a unisex standard could not be reconciled with perinatal mortality patterns. Use of a single standard for whites and blacks resulted in gestational age-specific growth restriction rates that were qualitatively congruent with patterns of perinatal mortality, while use of separate race-specific standards led to growth restriction patterns that were incompatible with patterns of perinatal mortality. CONCLUSION: Qualitative congruence between growth restriction and perinatal mortality patterns provides an outcome-based justification for sex-specific birth weight for gestational age standards but not for the available race-specific standards for blacks and whites in the United States

Inclusions fluides et isotopes du soufre du gisement Cu–Au de Valea Morii (monts Apuseni, Roumanie) : un télescopage porphyre–épithermal neutre ? Fluid inclusions and sulphur isotopes of the Valea Morii ore deposit (Apuseni mountains, Romania): telescoping between porphyry and low-sulfidation epithermal ore deposits?

Le gisement Cu–Au de Valea Morii (monts Apuseni, Roumanie) montre la superposition d'un gisement de type porphyre (Cu±Au) et d'un gisement épithermal neutre (Au). Les données microthermométriques et isotopiques du soufre, obtenues dans les deux types de veines minéralisées, traduisent un télescopage entre ces deux minéralisations, qui peut être expliqué, soit par un phénomène d'érosion durant l'activité hydrothermale, soit par un effondrement de la partie supérieure du système hydrothermal. The Valea Morii Cu–Au ore deposit (Apuseni mountains, Romania) is characterised by a spatial association of a porphyry copper (Cu±Au) with a low-sulfidation epithermal deposit (Au). Microthermometric and sulphur isotopic data, obtained on both porphyry and epithermal veins, express a telescoping between these two types of mineralization, which can be explained either by an erosion phenomenon during the hydrothermal activity or by a collapse of the upper part of the hydrothermal system

Constraints on the ore fluids in the Sando Alcalde Ausingle bondAg epithermal deposit, southwestern Peru: fluid inclusions and stable isotope data ----- Contraintes sur les fluides minéralisateurs du gisement Ausingle bondAg de Sando Alcalde, Sud-Ouest du Pérou : données des inclusions fluides et des isotopes stables

The Sando Alcalde ore deposit (southwestern Peru) has been studied in order to characterize the physicochemical parameters of the ore fluids and to determine the fluid process (mixing or boiling) which involves the precious metal mineralization. Mineralogy, δ18Oquartz isotopic values and fluid inclusion data give arguments in favour of a boiling phenomenon. This conclusion corroborates fluid inclusion studies previously performed in this area on the low-sulphidation epithermal deposits of Arcata, Orcopampa and Apacheta, where boiling has been described as the main factor for ore depositio