Hypersymmetry: a Z_3-graded generalization of supersymmetry

We propose a generalization of non-commutative geometry and gauge theories based on ternary Z_3-graded structures. In the new algebraic structures we define, we leave all products of two entities free, imposing relations on ternary products only. These relations reflect the action of the Z_3-group, which may be either trivial, i.e. abc=bca=cab, generalizing the usual commutativity, or non-trivial, i.e. abc=jbca, with j=e^{(2\pi i)/3}. The usual Z_2-graded structures such as Grassmann, Lie and Clifford algebras are generalized to the Z_3-graded case. Certain suggestions concerning the eventual use of these new structures in physics of elementary particles are exposed

Is the Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act Potentially Unconstitutional? If So, Should the Texas Cure Be Adopted Elsewhere?

Recent political events of historic and global proportion afford a wealth of challenge and opportunity for international legal practice. The breakup of the former Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, and, in general, the collapse of command-style central planning as a viable approach to economic organization seem certain to expedite globalization of markets and increase the volume of international business transactions. An increase in transactions means an increase in disputes. While arbitration is generally considered the preferred device for resolving transnational business disputes, litigation is frequently unavoidable, either as a substitute for arbitration or as a consequence of it. As international disputes are litigated and reduced to judgments in the national courts of various countries, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments will present an expanded challenge to international legal practice. This Article addresses one aspect of that challenge: the recognition and enforcement of foreign country money judgments in the United States

Is the Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act Potentially Unconstitutional? If So, Should the Texas Cure Be Adopted Elsewhere?

Recent political events of historic and global proportion afford a wealth of challenge and opportunity for international legal practice. The breakup of the former Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, and, in general, the collapse of command-style central planning as a viable approach to economic organization seem certain to expedite globalization of markets and increase the volume of international business transactions. An increase in transactions means an increase in disputes. While arbitration is generally considered the preferred device for resolving transnational business disputes, litigation is frequently unavoidable, either as a substitute for arbitration or as a consequence of it. As international disputes are litigated and reduced to judgments in the national courts of various countries, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments will present an expanded challenge to international legal practice. This Article addresses one aspect of that challenge: the recognition and enforcement of foreign country money judgments in the United States

Comparison of the Effects of Iodine and Iodide on Thyroid Function in Humans

The present experiment in humans failed to confirm the differential effect of I(sub 2) on maintenance of serum T(sub 4) concentrations relative to the effects of I(-) that was observed in prior experiments in rats. The reaction of I(sub 2) with metabolites of thyroid hormones in the intestine that appears responsible for this effect in rats probably also exists at some level in humans. The present results suggest that the concentrations of such metabolites in the human intestinal tract are too small to significantly affect circulating concentration of T(sub 4). However, based on the elevations in TSH, there should be some concern over the potential impacts of chronic consumption of iodine in drinking water

Ensuring Consistent European-Wide Urological Care by the Use of Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines : Can We Do Better

This study was supported by the European Association of Urology.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A Systematic Review of Outcome Reporting, Definition and Measurement Heterogeneity in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Effectiveness Trials of Adjuvant, Prophylactic Treatment after Transurethral Resection

Peer reviewedPostprin

Nonequilibrium stationary states and equilibrium models with long range interactions

It was recently suggested by Blythe and Evans that a properly defined steady state normalisation factor can be seen as a partition function of a fictitious statistical ensemble in which the transition rates of the stochastic process play the role of fugacities. In analogy with the Lee-Yang description of phase transition of equilibrium systems, they studied the zeroes in the complex plane of the normalisation factor in order to find phase transitions in nonequilibrium steady states. We show that like for equilibrium systems, the ``densities'' associated to the rates are non-decreasing functions of the rates and therefore one can obtain the location and nature of phase transitions directly from the analytical properties of the ``densities''. We illustrate this phenomenon for the asymmetric exclusion process. We actually show that its normalisation factor coincides with an equilibrium partition function of a walk model in which the ``densities'' have a simple physical interpretation.Comment: LaTeX, 23 pages, 3 EPS figure

Conflict of Evidence:Resolving Discrepancies When Findings from Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analyses Disagree

Financial disclosures: Richard J. Sylvester certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: None. Funding/Support and role of the sponsor: None.Peer reviewedPostprin

Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy: an emerging clinical phenomenon

In the last 6 years, following the first pathological description of presumed amyloid-beta (Aβ) transmission in humans (in 2015) and subsequent experimental confirmation (in 2018), clinical cases of iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)—attributed to the transmission of Aβ seeds—have been increasingly recognised and reported. This newly described form of CAA is associated with early disease onset (typically in the third to fifth decade), and often presents with intracerebral haemorrhage, but also seizures and cognitive impairment. Although assumed to be rare, it is important that clinicians remain vigilant for potential cases, particularly as the optimal management, prognosis, true incidence and public health implications remain unknown. This review summarises our current understanding of the clinical spectrum of iatrogenic CAA and provides a diagnostic framework for clinicians. We provide clinical details for three patients with pathological evidence of iatrogenic CAA and present a summary of the published cases to date (n=20), identified following a systematic review. Our aims are: (1) To describe the clinical features of iatrogenic CAA, highlighting important similarities and differences between iatrogenic and sporadic CAA; and (2) To discuss potential approaches for investigation and diagnosis, including suggested diagnostic criteria for iatrogenic CAA