The obstacles in the way of stabilizing the russian oil model

This article deals with the current change of the institutional and organizational framework of the Russian oil industry. Regarding this evolution, the main characteristic is the increasing involvement of national oil companies in the upstream activities. The point is to explain this reorganization by relying on the New Institutional Economics framework. These theoretical works highlight that institutional environment and governance structures complement each other. We argue that the current reorganization is an attempt to increase the coherence of the institutional arrangement governing the transaction between the Russian state and the private oil companies.Russia ; oil industry ; institutional coherence

iKlax: a New Musical Audio Format for Active Listening

In this paper, we are presenting a new model for interactive music. Unlike most interactive systems, our model is based on file organization, but does not require digital audio treatments. This model includes a definition of a constraints system and its solver. The products of this project are intended for the general public, inexperienced users, as well as professional musicians, and will be distributed commercially. We are here presenting three products of this project. The difficulty of this project is to design a technology and software products for interactive music which must be easy to use by the general public and by professional composers

Les évolutions du modèle pétrolier russe : une réponse institutionnelle à la crise de l'industrie

L'industrie pétrolière russe est depuis le début des années 1990 marquée par d'importants mouvements de réforme de son modèle organisationnel. La montée en puissance de l'Etat au sein de l'industrie est le facteur le plus souvent mentionné pour caractériser les évolutions en cours. L'objectif de cet article est de fournir un cadre d'interprétation à ces évolutions à partir d'une lecture néo institutionnaliste des modèles d'organisation de l'industrie pétrolière. Il est argumenté que la réorganisation actuelle est une tentative d'introduire une plus grande cohérence dans l'arrangement institutionnel encadrant la transaction d'ouverture de l'amont pétrolier à des opérateursRussie ; modèle pétrolier ; cohérence institutionnelle ; droits de propriété

La politique pétrolière et gazière de la Russie : un cadre organisationnel et institutionnel en gestation pour l'accès aux ressources en hydrocarbures

Cet article se propose de rendre compte des évolutions récentes de la structure institutionnelle et organisationnelle définie par les autorités fédérales russes pour encadrer l'accès à leurs ressources en hydrocarbures. Après avoir présenté succinctement ces évolutions, les raisons qui les ont sous-tendues et leurs conséquences en termes d'ouverture aux investisseurs étrangers, l'analyse se recentre sur l'impact de cette politique d'hydrocarbures russe sur le mode de gestion par l'Union européenne de ses relations énergétiques avec la Russie : il est mis en évidence que les normes et règles promues par l'UE au travers du Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie entrent en contradiction avec la politique des hydrocarbures russe.HYDROCARBURES ; RUSSIE ; SYSTEME INSTITUTIONNEL ; ACCES AUX RESSOURCES

Russia and China hydrocarbon relations A building block toward international hydrocarbon regulation?

15 p.This article is a first step of a research agenda on international hydrocarbon regulations. With regards to both: i) the new wealth and power equilibrium in the international political economy and ii) the new political economy of carbon that is emerging from The Paris agreement on Climate changes, this research agenda aims at analysing the changing national structures of governance and the ways these changes lead to international, bilateral, plurilateral or multilateral hydrocarbon regulation

Russia and China hydrocarbon relations A building block toward international hydrocarbon regulation?

15 p.This article is a first step of a research agenda on international hydrocarbon regulations. With regards to both: i) the new wealth and power equilibrium in the international political economy and ii) the new political economy of carbon that is emerging from The Paris agreement on Climate changes, this research agenda aims at analysing the changing national structures of governance and the ways these changes lead to international, bilateral, plurilateral or multilateral hydrocarbon regulation

Characterization of Plum Procyanidins by Thiolytic Depolymerization

The phenolic compounds of ?Green Gage? (GG) plums (Prunus domestica L.), ?Rainha Cla?udia Verde?, from a ?protected designation of origin? (PDO), in Portugal, were quantified in both flesh and skin tissues of plums collected in two different orchards (GG-V and GG-C). Analyzes of phenolic compounds were also performed on another GG European plum obtained in France (GG-F) and two other French plums, ?Mirabelle? (M) and ?Golden Japan? (GJ). Thiolysis was used for the first time in the analysis of plum phenolic compounds. This methodology showed that the flesh and skin contain a large proportion of flavan-3-ols, which account, respectively, for 92 and 85% in GJ, 61 and 44% in GG-V, 62 and 48% in GG-C, 54 and 27% in M, and 45 and 37% in GG-F. Terminal units of procyanidins observed in plums are mainly (+)-catechin (54?77% of all terminal units in flesh and 57?81% in skin). The GJ plums showed a phenolic composition different from all of the others, with a lower content of chlorogenic acid isomers and the presence of A-type procyanidins as dimers and terminal residues of polymerized forms. The average degree of polymerization (DPn) of plum procyanidins was higher in the flesh (5?9 units) than in the skin (4?6 units). Procyanidin B7 was observed in the flesh of all GG plums and in the skin of the Portuguese ones. Principal component analysis of the phenolic composition of the flesh and skin of these plums obtained after thiolysis allowed their distinction according to the variety and origin, opening the possibility of the use of phenolic composition for variety/origin identification