A novel Gateway®-compatible binary vector allows direct selection of recombinant clones in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cloning genes into plasmid vectors is one of the key steps for studying gene function. Recently, Invitrogen™ developed a convenient Gateway^®cloning system based on the site-specific DNA recombination properties of bacteriophage lambda and the cytotoxic protein ccdB, which is lethal to most <it>E. coli </it>strains. The ccdB protein, however, is not toxic to <it>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</it>, an important player often used for studying gene function <it>in planta</it>. This limits the direct application of the Gateway^®cloning system in plant transformation-mediated research.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we constructed a novel Gateway^®-compatible destination vector, pEG101-SacB/R, by replacing the <it>ccdB </it>gene with a <it>SacB-SacR </it>gene cassette as the negative selectable marker.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that the new pEG101-SacB/R destination vector can be used for Gateway^®cloning in <it>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</it>. pEG101-SacB/R will be a valuable tool for high-throughput functional analysis of genes <it>in planta</it>.</p

Intégration des caractéristiques de cycle de vie dans la phase de conception

Data base representation of life cycle design features -- Product analysis design based on life cycle features

Optimal Control of Thermal Pollution Emitted by Power Plants

The coastal areas near thermal or nuclear plants are subject to hot water discharges produced by cooling processes. These activities induce an increase of the temperature near the outlet vicinity, which can extend for miles. The temperature variation affects the metabolic rate of organisms and the level of dissolved oxygen. Cooling by cold water from an additional discharge can be considered in order to limit this thermal pollution. This paper present a methodology based on the implementation of a two-dimensional numerical model to study the dynamic of the temperature originated from the industrial discharges. Moreover the optimal injection rate of cold water is sought to keep the water temperature as close as possible to the survival of the ecosystem. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the efficiency approach

Le langage dans les pratiques doctrinaires en Amérique : le cas du concept de frontière

La manipulation du langage au profit des ambitions stratégiques de l’Amérique a toujours été le levier essentiel qui a permis aux Etats-Unis de se construire et de s’idéaliser, faisant ainsi de l’Amérique une nation exceptionnelle. La notion de frontière s’inscrit dans cette logique qui tend à créer un signifié particulier à des notions doctrinaires. C’est ainsi que le concept de Frontière en Amérique, loin de désigner un signifié précis et spécifique de ligne de démarcation séparant des territoires ou pays, donne lieu à diverses interprétations et sens complexes du reste. Ainsi, il n’est pas surprenant de voir ce même concept de Frontière prendre plusieurs sens en Amérique. Tantôt la Frontière signifie une ligne de démarcation entre la civilisation et la barbarie, tantôt un moyen de réalisation du rêve américain, ou encore une stratégie d’extension territoriale des États-Unis. Dans ce texte nous tentons de montrer comment la manipulation du langage a servi aux autorités américaines de moyen pour légitimer leur expansion territoriale

Global stability of an epidemic model with two infected stages and mass-action incidence

International audience—The goal of this paper is the establishment of the global asymptotic stability of the model SI with two classes of infected stages and with varying total population size. The incidence used is the mass-action incidence given by (β 1 I 1 + β 2 I 2) S /N . Existence and uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium is established when the basic reproduction number is greater than one. A Lyapunov function is used to prove the stability of the disease free equilibrium, and the Poincarré-Bendixson theorem allows to prove the stability of the endemic equilibrium when it exists

Global stability of a SI epidemic model with two infected stages and mass-action incidence

The work done in this paper consists in the establishment of the global stability of the model SI containing two classes of infected stages. The incidence used is non-linear and given by $(\beta_1 I_1+\beta_2 I_2)\dfrac{S}{N}$.\\ Existence and uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium is established. A Lyapunov function is used to prove the stability of the disease free equilibrium, and the Poincarré-Bendixson theorem allows to prove the global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium when it exists

Des pratiques culturales influent sur les attaques de deux ravageurs de la tomate dans les Niayes au Sénégal

La culture de tomate est attaquée par plusieurs ravageurs dont Helicoverpa armigera et Tuta absoluta. Dans le but d’évaluer l’effet des pratiques culturales de la tomate sur ces principaux ravageurs dans les Niayes (Sénégal), un échantillonnage de 98 parcelles est effectué, sur quatre cycles de culture en saison sèche, de 2012 à 2014. Les pratiques culturales sont recueillies par questionnaire lors des visites auprès des producteurs. Les résultats ont montré que l’incidence de H. armigera et de T. absoluta est négativement corrélée à la distance à la mer. La densité des plants dans les parcelles et la durée des plants en pépinière sont négativement corrélées à l’intensité des attaques de H. armigera et T. absoluta. Le nombre de traitements insecticides est négativement corrélé à l’infestation de T. absoluta. Le type de préparation du sol influe sur les infestations de T. absoluta. Les attaques de H. armigera varient en fonction du type d’irrigation. Les autres pratiques n’avaient pas d’effets sur les infestations de T. absoluta et H. armigera. Cette étude permet de connaître les relations entre les pratiques culturales et les insectes ravageurs de la tomate et peut ainsi renforcer les stratégies de gestion durable des bioagresseurs.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Pratiques culturales, Helicoverpa armigera, Tuta absoluta, tomate, traitements insecticides, SénégalEnglish Title:  Cultural practices affect attacks of two pests of tomato in the Niayes in SenegalEnglish AbstractTomato crops are attacked by several insect pests including Helicoverpa armigera and Tuta absoluta. In order to assess the effect of crop management on these major pests in the Niayes (Senegal), a sample of 98  plots was monitored over four crop cycles in the dry season, from 2012 to 2014. Cultural practices were collected by farmer interviews. Results showed that incidence of H. armigera and T. absoluta is negatively correlated with distance to the sea. Plant stand in plots and duration of plants in nursery were negatively correlated to infestation of H. armigera and T. absoluta. The number of insecticide applications was negatively correlated to the infestation of T. absoluta. The type of soil preparation influenced infestations of T. absoluta. Damage caused by H. armigera varied depending on the type of irrigation. Other practices had no effect on infestations of T. absoluta and H. armigera. This study provides information on the relationships between crop management and insect pests of tomato and can strengthen sustainable pest management strategies.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Cultural practices, Helicoverpa armigera, Tuta absoluta, tomato, insecticides, Senega

Observer design for a schistosomiasis model

International audienceThis paper deals with the state estimation for a schistosomiasis infection dynamical model described by a continuous nonlinear system when only the infected human population is measured. The central idea is studied following two major angles. On the one hand, when all the parameters of the model are supposed to be well known, we construct a simple observer and a high-gain Luenberger observer based on a canonical controller form and conceived for the nonlinear dynamics where it is implemented. On the other hand, when the nonlinear uncertain continuous-time system is in a bounded-error context, we introduce a method for designing a guaranteed interval observer. Numerical simulations are included in order to test the behavior and the performance of the given observers