NEW VALIDATED METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AND TRIMETHOPRIM IN BULK FORM BY VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: To develop three novel, sensitive, simple validated visible spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative estimation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) in bulk form. Methods: Methods were based on coupling the diazotized aromatic primary amino group of the studied drugs with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) in an acidic medium. The first two methods have been proposed for estimation of SMZ and rest for TMP. The resulting products were measured by spectrophotometric (method I, II and III) tools. The methods were validated as per ICH guidelines. Results: In method I, the absorbance was measured at 482 and 457 nm with linearity ranges of 4.0-40.0 and 5.0-45.0 µg/ml for SMZ. On the other hand, method III was devoted to estimate TMP spectrophotometrically at 457 nm with linearity range of 5-30 μg/ml. The r2 value for all methods were found to be 0.99. The percentage recoveries of SMZ and TMP were found to be 97.98%, 97.56% and 97.55% respectively. The developed methods were subjected to detailed validation procedure in their pure forms. Conclusion: The study concludes that visible spectrophotometric validation methods can be very efficient and economically promising technique for the quantitative analysis of SMZ and TMP in bulk form. The statistical analysis of data indicates that the developed methods were reproducible and specific. It was found that there is a good agreement between the obtained results and those obtained by the reported methods; moreover they can be used for the routine estimations of SMZ and TMP in bulk form

A study of eosinophil count in nasal and blood smear in allergic respiratory diseases in a rural setup

ABSTRACT: Allergic respiratory disorders are fairly common visiting cases in pediatrics outpatient department (OPD). With an appropriate history and detailed examination, diagnosis may not be problematic. Routine investigation may not contribute much to the final diagnosis but may help in ruling out other possibilities. This study was done to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of blood or nasal eosinophilia in subjects suffering from allergic respiratory disorders and also to assess the feasibility of nasal cytogram which is a simple, economical and reliable investigation in allergic respiratory disorders. This is a prospective clinical correlation study of patients attending outpatient department. 100 subjects aged between 2-18 years of either sex were selected for the estimation of eosinophil count in nasal and peripheral smear in allergic respiratory disorders. All allergic respiratory cases based on eosinophillia. The nasal and blood eosinophilia were compared with each other and clinical findings of allergic rhinitis with or without asthma were studied. In this study peak age incidence was seen between 11-18 years and it was more common in males. Rhinorrhoea, pale mucosa and nasal obstruction were common findings in allergic rhinitis with bronchial asthma. Nasal eosinophilia was seen in 52.4% and 64.9% of cases of allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis with asthma respectively. Blood eosinophilia was seen in 54% and 56.8% of cases of allergic rhinitis with asthma respectively. Nasal cytogram which is a simple, economical and non- invasive procedure can be used as an alternative to invasive peripheral smear eosinophilia as both are equally efficacious in diagnosing allergic respiratory diseases.KEYWORDS: Eosinophilia; Allergic rhinitis; Bronchial asthmaInternet Journal of Medical Update 2012 January;7(1):40-4

A NOVEL RAPID RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF BALOFLOXACIN IN TABLETS

Objective: To develop a rapid, accurate, precise and linear Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the quantitative estimation of Balofloxacin in tablets.Methods: The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Enable Make C18G (250 X 4.6 mm; 5μ), a mobile phase of triethylammonium phosphate buffer (pH 2.3): acetonitrile in the proportion of 20:80 v/v, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 280 nm using a UV detector.Results: The developed method resulted in Balofloxacin eluting at 2.6 min. Balofloxacin exhibited linearity in the range 2.5-7.5μg/ml. The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 1.08%. Percentage Mean recovery was found to be in the range of 98â€102, during accuracy studies.Conclusion: A rapid, accurate, precise and linear isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Balofloxacin in tablets as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries.Â

Novel Ringdown Amplitude-Phase Consistency Test

The ringdown signal emitted during a binary black hole coalescence can be modeled as a linear superposition of the characteristic damped modes of the remnant black hole that get excited during the merger phase. While checking the consistency of the measured frequencies and damping times against the Kerr BH spectrum predicted by general relativity (GR) is a cornerstone of strong-field tests of gravity, the consistency of measured excitation amplitudes and phases have been largely left unexplored. For a nonprecessing, quasicircular binary black hole merger, we find that GR predicts a narrow region in the space of mode amplitude ratio and phase difference, independently of the spin of the binary components. Using this unexpected result, we develop a new null test of strong-field gravity which demands that the measured amplitudes and phases of different ringdown modes should lie within this narrow region predicted by GR. We call this the amplitude-phase consistency test and introduce a procedure for performing it using information from the ringdown signal. Lastly, we apply this test to the GW190521 event, using the multimodal ringdown parameters inferred by Capano et al. [arXiv:2105.05238]. While ringdown measurements errors for this event are large, we show that GW190521 is consistent with the amplitude-phase consistency test. Our test is particularly well suited for accommodating multiple loud ringdown detections as those expected in the near future, and can be used complementarily to standard black-hole spectroscopy as a proxy for modified gravity, compact objects other than black holes, binary precession and eccentricity

Evaluation of hyperglycaemic risk of atorvastatin: a dose dependent study on hyperlipidaemic rats

Background: Statins (β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors) are the most prescribed medications worldwide to treat hyperlipidaemia with a proven ability to reduce major cardiovascular events. Recent data have revealed that statin therapy is associated with an increased risk for developing diabetes. The risk was most significant in patients taking atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin.Methods: Rats were divided into 3 groups, each comprising of 6 rats. Hyperlipidaemia was induced in all the animals after feeding with high fat diet for 15 days. Rats of groups 1, 2 and 3 were given atorvastatin 1.8 mg/kg (low-dose), 3.6 mg/kg (moderate-dose) and 7.2 mg/kg (intensive-dose) respectively orally for 60 days. 12 hours fasted blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels.Results: The percentage increase in plasma blood glucose after 60 days of treatment in groups 1, 2, and 3 is 29.93%, 60.03% and 72.42% respectively and the variation in all the groups is statistically significant, p<0.0001. Regarding HbA1c values, the variation in low-dose group is statistically insignificant whereas the percentage increase in moderate-dose and intensive-dose groups is 19.45% (p<0.001) and 43.37% (p<0.0001) respectively.Conclusions: In conclusion, there is significant increase in blood glucose and HbA1c levels leading to new-onset diabetes in both moderate-dose and intensive-dose groups. The risk is more in intensive-dose group when compared to moderate-dose group

Accuracy and precision of gravitational-wave models of inspiraling neutron star -- black hole binaries with spin: comparison with numerical relativity in the low-frequency regime

Coalescing binaries of neutron stars (NS) and black holes (BH) are one of the most important sources of gravitational waves for the upcoming network of ground based detectors. Detection and extraction of astrophysical information from gravitational-wave signals requires accurate waveform models. The Effective-One-Body and other phenomenological models interpolate between analytic results and $10-30$ orbit numerical relativity (NR) merger simulations. In this paper we study the accuracy of these models using new NR simulations that span $36-88$ orbits, with mass-ratios and black hole spins $(q,\chi_{BH}) = (7, \pm 0.4), (7, \pm 0.6)$, and $(5, -0.9)$. We find that: (i) the recently published SEOBNRv1 and SEOBNRv2 models of the Effective-One-Body family disagree with each other (mismatches of a few percent) for black hole spins $\geq 0.5$ or $\leq -0.3$, with waveform mismatch accumulating during early inspiral; (ii) comparison with numerical waveforms indicate that this disagreement is due to phasing errors of SEOBNRv1, with SEOBNRv2 in good agreement with all of our simulations; (iii) Phenomenological waveforms disagree with SEOBNRv2 over most of the NSBH binary parameter space; (iv) comparison with NR waveforms shows that most of the model's dephasing accumulates near the frequency interval where it switches to a phenomenological phasing prescription; and finally (v) both SEOBNR and post-Newtonian (PN) models are effectual for NSBH systems, but PN waveforms will give a significant bias in parameter recovery. Our results suggest that future gravitational-wave detection searches and parameter estimation efforts targeted at NSBH systems with $q\lesssim 7$ and $\chi_\mathrm{BH} \approx [-0.9, +0.6]$ will benefit from using SEOBNRv2 templates. For larger black hole spins and/or binary mass-ratios, we recommend the models be further investigated as suitable NR simulations become available.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figure

Molecular docking of azole drugs and their analogs on CYP121 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome codes for 20 different cytochromes. These cytochromes are involved in the breakdown of recalcitrant pollutants and the synthesis of polyketide antibiotics and other complex macromolecules. It has been demonstrated that CYP121 is essential for viability of the bacterium by gene knock-out and complementation studies. CYP121 could therefore be a probable target for the development of new drugs for TB. It has been widely reported that orthologs of CYP121 in fungi are inhibited by azole drugs. We evaluated whether these azole drugs or their structural analogs could bind to and inhibit CYP121 of M. tuberculosis using molecular docking. Six molecules with known anti-CYP121 activity were selected from literature and PubChem database was searched to identify structural analogs for these inhibitors. Three hundred and fifty seven molecules were identified as structural analogs and used in docking studies. Fifty three molecules were found to be scored better than the azole drugs and five of them were ranked among the top 12 molecules by two different scoring functions. These molecules may be further tested by in vitro experimentation for their activity against CYP121 of M. tuberculosis

Utility of Sea Surface Height anomaly (SSHa)in determination of Potential Fishing Zones

Physical processes in the oceans can be monitored by altimeters well before a radiometer can in terms of temperature or chlorophyll concentration. Herein we show the importance of Sea Surface Height anomaly (SSHa, retrieved with altimeter) in demarcating potential fishing zones. We also show how SSHa can help predict tuna movements, horizontally as well as vertically in the water column. Moreover, we prove these prediction with positively correlating SSHa to tuna hooking rates. In the end, we list out present and potential future sources from where SSHa can be retrieved in order to provide improved fishery advisories

AN END-TO-END TRAFFIC REPETITION PREVENTION SYSTEM

Traffic redundancy elimination is most significantly effective for removing transmission of redundant content and, consequently, for decreasing the network cost. Traffic redundancy seems from general finish-users’ activities. Lots of creates TRE techniques were created recently. A manuscript approach that's frequently utilized as finish-to-finish system of traffic redundancy elimination was created for cloud customers which depends upon power predictions to get rid of redundant traffic one of the cloud that's finish-users.  Within our work we submit a manuscript approach referred to as PCK that's Predictive ACKs, utilized as finish-to-finish system of traffic redundancy elimination produced for cloud customers. Contrasting inside the existing works, PCK approach doesn't have fascination with server to constantly continue clients’ status making PCK approach being an very suitable for pervasive computation atmosphere that merge client mobility additionally to server migration for maintaining cloud versatility. Most critical benefit of PCK’s approach is its ability of offloading traffic redundancy elimination efforts of cloud-server to accomplish clients, consequently decreasing the outlay of processing that are caused while using the formula of traffic redundancy elimination