Theoretical Studies of the Structure and Stability of Metal Chalcogenide CrnTem (1≤n≤6, 1≤m≤8) clusters

In the presented work, first principle studies on electronic structure, stability, and magnetic properties of metal chalcogenide, CrnTem clusters have been carried out within a density functional framework using generalized gradient functions to incorporate the exchange and correlation effects. The energetic and electronic stability was investigated, and it was found that they are not always correlated as seen in the cluster Cr6Te8 which has smaller gap between its HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) and LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) and a high electron affinity of 3.39 eV indicating lower electronic stability whereas higher fragmentation energy indicating energetic stability. The high electron affinity shows that the stability of Cr6Te8 cluster can be enhanced by adding charge donating ligands including PEt3 to form stable Cr6Te8(PEt3)6 clusters as seen in experiments. The other cluster of interest was Cr4Te6 in which energetic stability was accompanied with electronic inertness marked by its large HOMO-LUMO gap, non-magnetic ground state and high fragmentation energy

The Journey of Expatriates from pre Expatriation to post Expatriation

Business has become increasingly international in the last few decades. The development of research which targets the adjustment of expatriates in the foreign cultures is due to the international movement of human resources. The best way to prevent expatriate failure- provides effective preparation, support and training to the expats and their tailing families. In the literature various theories and models explaining cross-cultural adjustment have been adequately discussed. These theories and models provide a framework that leads to consistent and more powerful findings. This study proposes a theoretical framework based on the basis of comments of previous researchers.expatriate; adjustment; selection; acculturation; repatriation.

Philanthropy to Corporate Social Responsibility: An Indian Perspective

Purpose – Corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves corporations, states, international organizations and civil society organizations. It has emerged as a global trend. The various concerns regarding CSR includes: what CSR stands for, what the trend really is, where it comes from, where it is heading and who the leading actors are. And these issues are still far from clear. The purpose of this paper is to examine the trend of CSR in all its complexity and look forward in the potential impact and major concerns related to it. Design/methodology/approach – Combined analysis of central documents and publications on CSR with analysis of articles related to CSR. Findings – Apart from defining and explaining the various issues related to CSR, the paper throws further insights in the prevalent trends of CSR in various corporate in India. Originality/value – The conceptual explanations shows the likely development and potential impact of a corporate social development. Moreover, the discussions help us reflect on the formation of management trends.Social responsibility; Philanthropy; CSR reporting; CSR audit.

Measuring tides and binary parameters from gravitational wave data and eclipsing timings of detached white dwarf binaries

The discovery of the most compact detached white dwarf (WD) binary SDSS J065133.33+284423.3 has been discussed in terms of probing the tidal effects in white dwarfs. This system is also a verification source for the space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector, evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) which will observe short-period compact Galactic binaries with $P_{orb}\lesssim 5$ hrs. We address the prospects of doing tidal studies using eLISA binaries by showing the fractional uncertainties in the orbital decay rate and the rate of that decay, $\dot{f}, \ddot{f}$ expected from both the GW and EM data for some of the high-$f$ binaries. We find that $\dot{f}$ and $\ddot{f}$ can be measured using GW data only for the most massive WD binaries observed at high-frequencies. Form timing the eclipses for $\sim 10$ years, we find that $\dot{f}$ can be known to $\sim 0.1$ for J0651. We find that from GW data alone, measuring the effects of tides in binaries is (almost) impossible. We also investigate the improvement in the knowledge of the binary parameters by combining GW amplitude and inclination with EM data with and without $\dot{f}$. In our previous work we found that EM data on distance constrained 2-$\sigma$ uncertainty in chirp mass to $15-25$ whereas adding $\dot{f}$ reduces it to $0.11$. EM data on $\dot{f}$ also constrains 2-$\sigma$ uncertainty in distance to $35$. EM data on primary mass constrains the secondary mass $m_2$ to factors of 2 to $\sim40$ whereas adding $\dot{f}$ reduces this to $25$. And finally using single-line spectroscopic constrains 2-$\sigma$ uncertainties in both the $m_2, d$ to factors of 2 to $\sim 40$. Adding EM data on $\dot{f}$ reduces these 2-$\sigma$ uncertainties to $\leq 25$ and $6$ respectively. Thus we find that EM measurements of $\dot{f}$ and radial velocity will be valuable in constraining binary parameters.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

Constraining parameters of white-dwarf binaries using gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations

The space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector, \emph{evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna} (eLISA) is expected to observe millions of compact Galactic binaries that populate our Milky Way. GW measurements obtained from the eLISA detector are in many cases complimentary to possible electro-magnetic (EM) data. In our previous papers, we have shown that the EM data can significantly enhance our knowledge of the astrophysically relevant GW parameters of the Galactic binaries, such as the amplitude and inclination. This is possible due to the presence of some strong correlations between GW parameters that are measurable by both EM and GW observations, for example the inclination and sky position. In this paper, we quantify the constraints in the physical parameters of the white-dwarf binaries, i.e. the individual masses, chirp mass and the distance to the source that can be obtained by combining the full set of EM measurements such as the inclination, radial velocities, distances and/or individual masses with the GW measurements. We find the following $2-\sigma$ fractional uncertainties in the parameters of interest. The EM observations of distance constrains the the chirp mass to $\sim 15-25$, whereas EM data of a single-lined spectroscopic binary constrains the secondary mass and the distance with factors of 2 to $\sim 40$. The single-line spectroscopic data complemented with distance constrains the secondary mass to $\sim 25-30$. Finally EM data on double-lined spectroscopic binary constrains the distance to $\sim 30$. All of these constraints depend on the inclination and the signal strength of the binary systems. We also find that the EM information on distance and/or the radial velocity are the most useful in improving the estimate of the secondary mass,inclination and/or distance.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication by Ap

Are Optimal Currency Areas Optimal for All? A Reassessment of the Case for Asian Monetary Union

This paper is a pioneering attempt to include India with east and Southeast Asia to study the existence of the economic criteria for a common currency. The analysis in this paper shows that significant complementarities in trade exist among these countries, most of them experience similar shocks and labor mobility is already present. These results point to the fact that the cost of adopting a single currency may be minimal, while huge benefits could accrue from enhanced trade. The paper also recognizes the importance of yen for the success of the monetary union in Asia.Common Currency, Optimum Currency Areas, Monetary Union, Asia, India.

Can South Asia Adopt a Common Currency?

The paper examines if the seven South Asian countries satisfy the criteria to form an optimal currency area. The empirical part of the paper reveals some positive attributes (such as the existence of positive shocks for major economies like India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). The paper provides geo-political reasoning for more economic cooperation among the countries, suggesting areas where cooperation could be mutually beneficial to the economies. This paper argues that the benefits of a common currency would accrue from the peace that economic integration would bring between India and Pakistan. The paper also compares this region with Western Europe and Southeast Asia.South Asia, SAARC, Monetary union, economic integration, optimal currency areas