Correction:Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene–drug interaction between CYP2D6 and opioids (codeine, tramadol and oxycodone) (European Journal of Human Genetics, (2021), 10.1038/s41431-021-00920-y)

The Data statement was partly wrong and should have read as below. DATA AVAILABILITY All data and material are either included in the Supplementary information or publicly available (i.e., the published articles, PubMed). The guidelines and background information are available on the website of the Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP) (Pharmacogenetic Recommendations. Available from: https://www.knmp.nl/). The guidelines and background information will be available on PharmGKB.org

Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction of DPYD and fluoropyrimidines

Despite advances in the field of pharmacogenetics (PGx), clinical acceptance has remained limited. The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) aims to facilitate PGx implementation by developing evidence-based pharmacogenetics guidelines to optimize pharmacotherapy. This guideline describes the starting dose optimization of three anti-cancer drugs (fluoropyrimidines: 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine and tegafur) to decrease the risk of severe, potentially fatal, toxicity (such as diarrhoea, hand-foot syndrome, mucositis or myelosuppression). Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by the DPYD gene) enzyme deficiency increases risk of fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity. The DPYD-gene activity score, determined by four DPYD variants, predicts DPD activity and can be used to optimize an individual's starting dose. The gene activity score ranges from 0 (no DPD activity) to 2 (normal DPD activity). In case it is not possible to calculate the gene activity score based on DPYD genotype, we recommend to determine the DPD activity and adjust the initial dose based on available data. For patients initiating 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine: subjects with a gene activity score of 0 are recommended to avoid systemic and cutaneous 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine; subjects with a gene activity score of 1 or 1.5 are recommended to initiate therapy with 50% the standard dose of 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine. For subjects initiating tegafur: subjects with a gene activity score of 0, 1 or 1.5 are recommended to avoid tegafur. Subjects with a gene activity score of 2 (reference) should receive a standard dose. Based on the DPWG clinical implication score, DPYD genotyping is considered "essential", therefore directing DPYD testing prior to initiating fluoropyrimidines

Landelijk meetnet effecten mestbeleid : LMM-jaarrapport 2005

Het LMM is opgezet om de kwaliteit van het water op landbouwbedrijven te beschrijven en te verklaren in relatie tot beleidsmaatregelen en bedrijfsvoering. De waterkwaliteit wordt bepaald door de hoeveelheid nutriënten (waaronder nitraat) te meten in het water dat uitspoelt uit de ‘wortelzone’ (bovenste meter van het grondwater, bodemvocht of drainwater) en in het slootwater. Metingen op dit punt geven weer welk deel van het nutriëntenoverschot naar het grond- en oppervlaktewater is uitgespoeld. De metingen zijn verricht op de typen landbouwbedrijven die in Nederland het meeste voorkomen (akkerbouw, melkvee en hokdieren) in drie hoofdgrondsoortregio’s (zand/löss, klei en veen). Het LEI volgt de bedrijfsvoering op landbouwbedrijven; het RIVM monitort op deze bedrijven de waterkwaliteit die door de bedrijfvoering wordt beïnvloed. Uit de monitoringgegevens blijkt dat de bemesting en nutriëntenoverschotten op melkveebedrijven sinds eind jaren negentig van de vorige eeuw eerst fors zijn gedaald en sinds 2000 zijn gestabiliseerd. Op akkerbouwbedrijven is een minder duidelijke trend zichtbaar

Landelijk meetnet effecten mestbeleid : LMM-jaarrapport 2003

Het RIVM en het LEI hebben gegevens gebundeld over de bedrijfsvoering en de grondwaterkwaliteit van bedrijven die in 2003 voor het Landelijk Meetnet effecten Mestbeleid (LMM) zijn bemonsterd. Uit de gegevens over de bedrijfsvoering blijkt dat de bemesting en nutriëntenoverschotten op melkveebedrijven sinds eind jaren negentig van de vorige eeuw eerst fors zijn gedaald en sinds 2000 zijn gestabiliseerd. Op akkerbouwbedrijven is een minder duidelijke trend zichtbaa

Intra-operative assessment of the vascularisation of a cross section of the meniscus using near-infrared fluorescence imaging

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess whether the vascularisation of the meniscus could be visualised intra-operatively using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods The anterior horn (i.e., Cooper classification: zones C and D) of the meniscus that was least affected (i.e., least degenerative) was removed during TKA surgery in ten patients to obtain a cross section of the inside of the meniscus. Thereafter, 10 mg of ICG was injected intravenously, and vascularisation of the cross section of the meniscus was assessed using the Quest spectrum NIRF camera system. We calculated the percentage of patients in whom vascularisation was observed intra-operatively using NIRF imaging compared to immunohistochemistry. Results Meniscal vascularisation using NIRF imaging was observed in six out of eight (75%) patients in whom vascularisation was demonstrated with immunohistochemistry. The median extent of vascularisation was 13% (interquartile range (IQR) 3-28%) using NIRF imaging and 15% (IQR 11-23%) using immunohistochemistry. Conclusion This study shows the potential of NIRF imaging to visualise vascularisation of the meniscus, as vascularisation was observed in six out of eight patients with histologically proven meniscal vascularisation.Development and application of statistical models for medical scientific researc

Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene–drug interaction between CYP2D6 and opioids (codeine, tramadol and oxycodone)

The current Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline, describes the gene–drug interaction between CYP2D6 and the opioids codeine, tramadol and oxycodone. CYP2D6 genotype is translated into normal metaboliser (NM), intermediate metaboliser (IM), poor metaboliser (PM) or ultra-rapid metaboliser (UM). Codeine is contraindicated in UM adults if doses >20 mg every 6 h (q6h), in children ≥12 years if doses >10 mg q6h, or with additional risk factors. In PMs, an alternative analgesic should be given which is not or to a lesser extent metabolised by CYP2D6 (not tramadol). In IMs with insufficient analgesia, a higher dose or alternative analgesic should be given. For tramadol, the recommendations for IMs and PMs are the same as the recommendation for codeine and IMs. UMs should receive an alternative drug not or to a lesser extent metabolised by CYP2D6 or the dose should be decreased to 40% of the commonly prescribed dose. Due to the absence of effect on clinical outcomes of oxycodone in PMs, IMs and UMs no action is required. DPWG classifies CYP2D6 genotyping for codeine “beneficial” and recommends testing prior to, or shortly after initiation of treatment in case of higher doses or additional risk factors. CYP2D6 genotyping is classified as “potentially beneficial” for tramadol and can be considered on an individual patient basis