Special Report, No. 6

In cooperation with the Matanuska Valley Dairy Breeder's AssociationThe Matanuska Valley dairy industry continues to be plagued with the problem of having more milk than can be distributed in early summer, while fall production does not supply the demand. Fluctuations between heavy summer production and low production during September, October and November are difficult to control. Cows calving normally in the spring drop off so fast beginning in late August that they are ruined for fall and winter production. For this reason, the Experiment Station has advocated breeding heifers so they will calve in late July, August and September. This means they must conceive from early October through December. Breeding should begin about October 1. It is almost impossible to change the calving dates of a herd except by starting replacements at the right time

Getting a start in dairying in Alaska

Dairying in Alaska probably will always be confined to areas where milk can reach city markets readily. The demand £or fresh milk, even at present prices, exceeds the supply. Probably the dairy farmer always will be able to produce milk in competition with fluid mlik shipped in from the States if he is a good manager and has high producing cows. A farmer with low producing cows can show a profit at present prices, but if the price of milk dropped two dollars or more per hundred, he would have a tough time making both ends meet. It is doubtful if other dairy products can be produced in Alaska to compete with stateside prices

Circular 12

Ih Alaska— Oats-and-peas make better silage than hay / Silage and silos pay / Field-choppers cut labor costs / Smooth bromegrass is an excellent forage / Alsike clover and Hubam sweetclover / make good annuals / Better forage means bigger profitsIn cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administratio

Circular 17

Raise Your Calf Right— Feed your freshening cow / Take care of your freshening cow / Give ihe Calf a good place to live / Teach the calf to drink right away / Start your calf on grain early / Feed your calf roughage within 2 weeks. / Remember water and salt / Keep your heifers growing / -- Raise Your Calf Economically— Compare these rations: Whole milk, Skim milk, Skim milk powder, Gruel, Milk-Flo, Calf Manna, Calf meal / Follow recommended feeding programUnited States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Administratio

Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction

Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep‐ocean ecosystems concomitantly with increasing direct human disturbance. Climate drivers will alter deep‐sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may interact with disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that to ensure the effective management of increasing use of the deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil and gas extraction, and deep‐seabed mining), environmental management and developing regulations must consider climate change. Strategic planning, impact assessment and monitoring, spatial management, application of the precautionary approach, and full‐cost accounting of extraction activities should embrace climate consciousness. Coupled climate and biological modeling approaches applied in the water and on the seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth‐System Model projections of climate‐change parameters at the seafloor reveal heterogeneity in projected climate hazard and time of emergence (beyond natural variability) in regions targeted for deep‐seabed mining. Models that combine climate‐induced changes in ocean circulation with particle tracking predict altered transport of early life stages (larvae) under climate change. Habitat suitability models can help assess the consequences of altered larval dispersal, predict climate refugia, and identify vulnerable regions for multiple species under climate change. Engaging the deep observing community can support the necessary data provisioning to mainstream climate into the development of environmental management plans. To illustrate this approach, we focus on deep‐seabed mining and the International Seabed Authority, whose mandates include regulation of all mineral‐related activities in international waters and protecting the marine environment from the harmful effects of mining. However, achieving deep‐ocean sustainability under the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require integration of climate consideration across all policy sectors.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Lt

Special Report, No. 10

In cooperation with Matanuska Valley Breeders AssociationUntil mid-1957 most dairymen were expanding their herds. Many old animals were kept that were difficult to breed. When a military market failed to materialize in 1957, many of these unsatisfactory cows were the first to be culled. This culling accounts in part for the improvement in conception rates beginning in late 1957. Other contributing factors were better communications and roads, possibly better insemination skills, and more important the economic squeeze that forced operators to watch more carefully for heat periods

Special Report, No. 7

In cooperation with the Matanuska Valley Dairy Breeder's AssociationIn 1957 the conception rate has run about the same as in past years, except that August was the lowest month for the year. The figures show that 81% of the cows conceived on their first two services and nearly 92% on their first three services. Only 97 cows out of 1,177 required more than three services. This is about the percentage would would be expected. Usually some of these difficult cows will get with calf and some of them never will

Special Report, No. 8

In cooperating with the Matanuska Valley Dairy Breeder's AssociationThis has been a good year in getting cows with calf. Begining in April, 1958, 89.6 per cent of all cows conceived on the first two services. This is an exceptionally good rate . Only 99 cows needed servicing four times or more—8.4 per cent of the total. This is lower than average far several years, and is lower than in many breeding associations in the other States