Caffeine mouth rinsing in the Fed state does not enhance 3-km cycling performance in the morning or evening

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of a caffeine mouth rinse on performance at different times of day. METHODS: 12 recreational cyclists completed a simulated 3-km time trial and 4 sets of 5 leg extension repetitions, twice in the morning and twice in the evening. 25 ml of 1.14% caffeine, or placebo solution was mouth rinsed before sets 3 and 4 of the leg extension and before the time trial. Treatments include: caffeine + morning, placebo + morning, caffeine + evening, and placebo + evening. RESULTS: The caffeine rinse had a negative impact on time trial performance in both the morning and the evening. Both the caffeine and placebo rinse had a positive impact on peak torque in leg extensions. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of the caffeine rinse had no difference between times of day, leading us to believe feeding state has an impact on the effects of the caffeine rinse on performance

The Princess Fantasy: Does Disney Poison Consumer Culture?

This thesis explores an important question in cultural studies: who bears the blame for harmful ideologies inherent in consumer culture? This thesis will use The Walt Disney Corporation\u27s phenomenally popular princess product line (including eleven films and nearly 30,000 Disney Princess related products) as a case study. After identifying several potentially harmful patriarchal stereotypes in both the Disney films and even more disturbing patriarchal trends in its Disney Princess product line, this thesis will raise the issue of culpability for the proliferation of these oppressive stereotypes. Moreover, this analysis simultaneously reveals why and how audiences “buy into” culture

The Princess Fantasy: Does Disney Poison Consumer Culture?

This thesis explores an important question in cultural studies: who bears the blame for harmful ideologies inherent in consumer culture? This thesis will use The Walt Disney Corporation\u27s phenomenally popular princess product line (including eleven films and nearly 30,000 Disney Princess related products) as a case study. After identifying several potentially harmful patriarchal stereotypes in both the Disney films and even more disturbing patriarchal trends in its Disney Princess product line, this thesis will raise the issue of culpability for the proliferation of these oppressive stereotypes. Moreover, this analysis simultaneously reveals why and how audiences “buy into” culture

Marquette Literary Review, Issue 3, Spring 2011

POETRY RING, Charles Mohl ... 4 BENEATH THE SOUTHERN SUN, Kayla White ... 5 A CHORUS OF AMBITION, Alexandra Boyd ... 9 OF PERCUSSION, Charles Mohl ... 10 HIVES, Charles Mohl ... 11 BBQ, Rose Gregory ... 12 FOREMAN, Anna Olson ... 13 DELIVERY, Rose Gregory ... 14 LIONS IN THE RAIN, Alison Hanley ... 15 SIC TRANSIT, Brad Tharpe ... 16 “TODAY I WON’T REPLY TO YOUR MESSAGES…”, Jahnavi Acharya ... 17 “WELL, IT’S TOMORROW…”, Jahnavi Acharya ... 17 HE CALLED HER PEACH, Kira Boswell ... 18 TRAVELER, Alexandra Boyd ... 19 PROSE FOR MY ________ :, Alison Hanley ... 20 DELILAH, Allison Ellsworth ... 22 INERTIA, Kayla White ... 31 UNTITLED FICTION, Caroline Campbell ... 46 UNTITLED FICTION, Erin Kelly ... 48 I MET HER ON THE STAIRS, Anthony Hollmaier ... 64 THE BARTENDER, Alison Hanley ... 71 ON THE COURT, Matthew Sweeney ... 74 NUMBER 30, Matthew Bin Han Ong ... 89 ON THROWING STONES, Anonymous ... 92 ZEPP’S DINER, Timothy Gorichanaz ... 9

\u3ci\u3eDrosophila\u3c/i\u3e Muller F Elements Maintain a Distinct Set of Genomic Properties Over 40 Million Years of Evolution

The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D. erecta, D. mojavensis, and D. grimshawi F elements and euchromatic domains from the Muller D element. We find that F elements have greater transposon density (25–50%) than euchromatic reference regions (3–11%). Among the F elements, D. grimshawi has the lowest transposon density (particularly DINE-1: 2% vs. 11–27%). F element genes have larger coding spans, more coding exons, larger introns, and lower codon bias. Comparison of the Effective Number of Codons with the Codon Adaptation Index shows that, in contrast to the other species, codon bias in D. grimshawi F element genes can be attributed primarily to selection instead of mutational biases, suggesting that density and types of transposons affect the degree of local heterochromatin formation. F element genes have lower estimated DNA melting temperatures than D element genes, potentially facilitating transcription through heterochromatin. Most F element genes (~90%) have remained on that element, but the F element has smaller syntenic blocks than genome averages (3.4–3.6 vs. 8.4–8.8 genes per block), indicating greater rates of inversion despite lower rates of recombination. Overall, the F element has maintained characteristics that are distinct from other autosomes in the Drosophila lineage, illuminating the constraints imposed by a heterochromatic milieu

Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating.Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 7