Utjecaj fluorida proizvedenih aluminijskim industrijskim postrojenjem na biljke i područja nastanjena ljudima

Fluorine is a highly reactive common element that does not occur in nature in the elemental state. It exists in the form of fluorides and accounts for about 0.3 g/kg of the Earth’s crust. Generally, it is found in the form of a number of minerals like fluorspar, cryolite and fluor-apatite. Fluoride has both positive and negative effects on individual health. Fluoride, in the form of fluorspar and cryo- lite is distributed extensively in the lithosphere, and is renowned as the thir- teenth most common among elements in the earth’s crust. Hydrogen fluorides in gaseous form accumulate in the leaves of generally sensitive plants against a concentration gradient and therefore, considered as a most phytotoxic air pollut- ant and affects plants at extremely low concentration. As per our study, it is found that the fluoride impacts on fauna are in normal condition, but in coming times it may have adverse impact on fauna and flora of surroundings of Hindalco Industries Limited.Fluor je vrlo reaktivan element koji se u elementarnom obliku ne pojavljuje u prirodi. Postoji u obliku fluorida u zemljinoj kori, gdje se nalazi u omjeru od oko 0,3 g/kg. Općenito, nalazi se u obliku velikog broja minerala poput fluorita, kriolita i apatita. Fluorid ima i pozitivne i negativne učinke na ljudsko zdravlje. Fluorid, u obliku fluorita i kriolita, široko je rasprostranjen u litosferi, a poznat je i kao trinaesta najčešća tvar u Zemljinoj kori. Fluorovodici u plinovitom obliku nagomilavaju se u listovima uglavnom osjetljivih biljaka prema gradijentu koncentracije. Stoga se smatraju najfitotoksičnijim onečišćujućim tvarima u zraku, a djeluju na biljke i pri ekstremno niskim koncentracijama. Prema našoj studiji utvrđeno je da su učinci fluorida na faunu u uobičajenim okvirima, ali u budućnosti može imati štetan utjecaj na faunu i floru u okruženju tvornice Hindalco Industries Limited

Utjecaj fluorida proizvedenih aluminijskim industrijskim postrojenjem na biljke i područja nastanjena ljudima

Fluorine is a highly reactive common element that does not occur in nature in the elemental state. It exists in the form of fluorides and accounts for about 0.3 g/kg of the Earth’s crust. Generally, it is found in the form of a number of minerals like fluorspar, cryolite and fluor-apatite. Fluoride has both positive and negative effects on individual health. Fluoride, in the form of fluorspar and cryo- lite is distributed extensively in the lithosphere, and is renowned as the thir- teenth most common among elements in the earth’s crust. Hydrogen fluorides in gaseous form accumulate in the leaves of generally sensitive plants against a concentration gradient and therefore, considered as a most phytotoxic air pollut- ant and affects plants at extremely low concentration. As per our study, it is found that the fluoride impacts on fauna are in normal condition, but in coming times it may have adverse impact on fauna and flora of surroundings of Hindalco Industries Limited.Fluor je vrlo reaktivan element koji se u elementarnom obliku ne pojavljuje u prirodi. Postoji u obliku fluorida u zemljinoj kori, gdje se nalazi u omjeru od oko 0,3 g/kg. Općenito, nalazi se u obliku velikog broja minerala poput fluorita, kriolita i apatita. Fluorid ima i pozitivne i negativne učinke na ljudsko zdravlje. Fluorid, u obliku fluorita i kriolita, široko je rasprostranjen u litosferi, a poznat je i kao trinaesta najčešća tvar u Zemljinoj kori. Fluorovodici u plinovitom obliku nagomilavaju se u listovima uglavnom osjetljivih biljaka prema gradijentu koncentracije. Stoga se smatraju najfitotoksičnijim onečišćujućim tvarima u zraku, a djeluju na biljke i pri ekstremno niskim koncentracijama. Prema našoj studiji utvrđeno je da su učinci fluorida na faunu u uobičajenim okvirima, ali u budućnosti može imati štetan utjecaj na faunu i floru u okruženju tvornice Hindalco Industries Limited

An In Vivo Comparison of Bacterial Colonization with Orthodontic Bracket System

Aim: The objective of this in vivo study was to compare the amount of bacterial colonization associated with metal, self-ligating and ceramic orthodontic brackets . Materials and Method: The study was done on 30 orthodontic patients who were randomly divided in to three groups. Group I bonded with metal brackets wire ligated with steel ligature , Group II bonded with self-ligating brackets and Group III bonded using ceramic brackets wire ligated with elastomeric module. Amount of bacterial colonization was evaluated from right of the maxillary dental arch at day 1 and at day 21, the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial count was then compared. Result: ANOVA test for anaerobic and aerobic log bacterial count showed significant difference between group I, group II and group III observations at 5% level of significance at day 21. Conclusion: The result of this in vivo study concluded that higher bacterial colonization was associated with ceramic brackets ligated with elastomeric modules followed by metal bra ckets ligated with steel ligatures and comparatively less microbial growth was observed in self - ligating brackets

Structural and optical studies on texture LiNbO₃ thin film on (0001) sapphire

355-357In this work, c-axis oriented lithium niobate thin film has been deposited on Sapphire single crystal substrate by pulse laser deposition. X-ray diffraction showed only reflections corresponding to (006) and (0012) planes of LiNbO₃ on (001) sapphire substrate, indicating that growth of texture LiNbO₃ film on sapphire. The estimated value of c-axis lattice parameter is found to be 1.36 nm and is close to the value reported for LiNbO₃ single crystal. Optical properties of films has been studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the estimated value of refractive index at 640 nm is n = 1.76 nm. A slight dispersion in the refractive index has been observed with photon energy below the interband absorption edge. Raman scattering studies made on prepared sample in the back scattering geometry with incident light normal to the film surface in Z(X+Y,X+Y)Z⁻ configuration indicate the formation of single phase material and free from any type of lattice defects

Estimation of accumulated soil organic carbon stock in tropical forest using geospatial strategy

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a dynamic soil property that represents the key component of the forest ecosystems. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate SOC using the remote sensing images as well as field methods at Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve Forest area. The soil samples were collected randomly from the region at several field locations, to estimate the surface soil carbon concentrations in the laboratory. The study derived results for bare soil index, NDVI, SOC and relationship of SOC with NDVI using regression analysis, while comparing reference SOC (field measured SOC) and predicted SOC (estimated from satellite image). The remote sensing images were used to predict the precise carbon content associated with organic matter in the soil using NDVI and related equations, to prepare digital soil organic carbon map. The relationship between the NDVI and both reference/predicted SOC is established using the equation to derive the digital SOC for the study area using remote sensing data. The statistical relationship between reference SOC, pH concentrations, and NDVI values were presented against the predicted SOC to provide the variation between each variable

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Not AvailableCrop productivity is a major concern all over the world to provide food security, resulting in thegreen revolution. It is noteworthy that the fertilizer implemented to farmland leads to more desirable cropping patterns. Utilization of agricultural land efficiently for the crop production requires knowledge of the nutrient inconsistency. This paper has presented the power of geomatics, to retrieve the synoptic and substantial changes in cropping pattern. Results and interpretations leadto the evaluation of the contemporaneous cropping systems. After a major yield parameter scrutiny for crops (Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane and Onion) the magnificent accelerations were suggested. Results demonstrated a correlation r2 value of 0.834 with the estimated crop yield and NDVI. The REY (Rice Equivalent Yield)is highest at range 17-21 t/ha in the North, central and southern lower part, lowest at the western part ranging from 7-12 t/ha, with some part with 12-14 t/ha while the most of the eastern part of the study site has shown the REY values ranging from 14 to 17 t/ha. The surveyed information like pH, EC and organic carbon of the soil specimen were used to examine the spatial discrepancies of rice-based cropping system's productivity. Ultimately the spatial-temporal maps of fertilization pattern, yield parameters (e.g. N, P, and K) and relational REY observation were illustrated using spatial interpolation.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableCrop productivity is a major concern all over the world to provide food security, resulting in the green revolution. It is noteworthy that the fertilizer implemented to farmland leads to more desirable cropping patterns. Utilization of agricultural land efficiently for the crop production requires the knowledge of the nutrient inconsistency. This paper has presented the power of geomatics, to retrieve the synoptic and substantial changes in cropping pattern. Results and interpretations lead to the evaluation of the contemporaneous cropping systems. After a major yield parameter scrutiny for crops (rice, wheat, sugarcane, and onion), the magnificent accelerations were suggested. Results demonstrated a correlation r2 value of 0.834 with the estimated crop yield and normalized difference vegetation index. The Rice EquivalentYield (REY)is highestat therange of 17–21 t/ha in the North, central and southern lower part, lowest at the western part ranging from 7–12 t/ha, with some part with 12–14 t/ha, while the most of the eastern part of the study site has shown the REY values ranging from 14 to 17 t/ha. The surveyed information, such as pH, electical conductivity, and organic carbon of the soil specimen, was used to examine the spatial discrepancies of rice-based cropping system’s productivity. Ultimately, the spatialtemporal maps of fertilization pattern, yield parameters (e.g., N, P, andK), and relational REY observation were illustrated using spatial interpolation.Not Availabl