Technology Factors Influencing the Adoption of Shrimp Farming

Commercial shrimp Culture has emerged as one of the most important sectors of the aquaculture industry in India: The cultured shrimps in the coimtry alone contribute to 50 per cent of the total shrimp exports from India. Much of this phenomenal successs has been attributed to the production and dissemination of a host of improved technologies starting from pond preparation till harvest of the cultured shrimps. The existing knowledge structure of the farmers is further enhanced when they are exposed to more scientific farming technologies containing more attributes of the innovation which influence their adoption process. It is frequently asserted that as farrriers gain in experience or obtain more accurate and scientific knowledge, their capacity to manage shrimp ponds in a more sustainable way is enhanced. (Saengnore and Lebel, 2002). The technology adopted ranges from traditional to improved, traditional within the coastal regulation zone and extensive shrimp farming outside the coastal regulation zone (Anon. 2002)

Perceptions of rubber growers on information technology enabled rubber export system

The Expert system for plant protection of rubber was developed using Visual Basic 6. O. The computer based Rubber Expert System thus developed was abbreviated as RUBEX-04. Perceptions of Rubber Growers on Information Technology enabled Rubber Expert System was studied. It was evident that, majority of the respondents (60.83 per cent) were found to have high level of perception about modern information communication technologies, followed by 21.67 per cent with medium and remaining 17.50 per cent with low level of perception of modern information and communication technologies. It could be exonerated from the study that slightly less than three-fourth of the respondents reported that they were most satisfied with the diagnostic path which was sequential and logic in RUBEXS-04. A majority (81.67 per cent) of the respondents were most satisfied about the correct conclusion provided by the RUBEXS-04. More than half of the respondents were most satisfied that, photographs helped them to confirm the incidence of disease and pests. Most of the subjects preferred the Expert System for other technologies of rubber like, latex preservation and processing, tapping and yield stimulation and soil management, in addition to RUBEXS-04

Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography evaluation of Bala Taila

Introduction: Bala Taila is one of the most popular oil preparations of Ayurveda which not only serves the purpose as curative but also plays role in preventive and promotive aspects. Materials And Method: Bala Taila was evaluated for pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical analysis. Results and Discussion: Pharmacognostic study showed the presence of contents such as simple trichome, pollen grain, rhomboidal crystals, annular and pitted vessels. Physico-chemical analysis showed that the loss on drying 0.735% w/w, Specific gravity 0.916g, Acid value 2.186, Saponification value 156.89, Iodine value 87.6 and Refractive index 1.4840. Conclusion: From the study, data developed can be espoused for laying down the standards of Bala Taila

Comparison of different tonometers.

INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is chronic optic neuropathy characterized by structural and functional damage to the optic nerve head (as evidenced by thinning of the neuro retinal rim and by progressive visual field loss) caused by many factors among which intraocular pressure is an important and critical factor. While IOP is not the only causative factor, it still remains the only risk factor amenable to and modifiable by treatment and the only indicator which can be constantly monitored at every visit or assessment as a measure of success of treatment. This study compares the intraocular pressure values obtained by different tonometers and compares the correlation between the values obtained. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the IOP values obtained from Schiotz tonometer, Non-contact tonometer, Pascal’s dynamic contour tonometer and Perkins hand held applanation tonometer and to evaluate their relationship with central corneal thickness if any. DESIGN: Random cross sectional analytical study. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Patients between the ages of 20 – 80 years 2) IOP between 7.0 – 50 mm of Hg by Perkins hand held applanation tonometer EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with corneal edema. Patients with corneal ulcer. Patients with corneal opacity IOP 50 mm of Hg by Perkins hand held applanation Tonometer. Patients with nystagmus MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred patients attending out patients department of Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Government Ophthalmic Hospital, Chennai were screened and their intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness were measured. RESULTS: Perkin’s hand held applanation tonometer was taken as the gold standard technique and the other methods were compared to it. All the three techniques showed good agreement between the readings, with Pascal’s DCT agreeing at 0.75 intra class correlation (ICC), NCT at 0.72 ICC and Schiotz indentation tonometer at 0.66 ICC. CONCLUSION: All the tonometers showed significant correlation with the gold standard technique (Perkin’s applanation tonometer), over a range of intra ocular pressures, between 20 to 80 years, in diabetics and hypertensives and also in patients with different CCT values. But Pascal’s DCT showed higher correlation with the gold standard as compared to NCT or Schiotz indentation tonometer

Effectiveness of expert system on knowledge retention

Artificial intelligence based computer programmes called Expert System has received a great deal of attention throughout the world, due to its impressive problem solving capability in a variety of fields. For the present study, an expert system named as RUBEXS-04 was designed to simulate the pest and disease diagnosing behaviour

Emergent chiroptical properties in supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies

This tutorial provides a comprehensive description of the origin of chiroptical properties of supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies in the UV-visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The photophysical concepts essential for understanding chiroptical signatures are presented in the first section. Just as the oscillator strength (a positive quantity) is related to absorption, the rotational strength (either a positive or a negative quantity) defines the emergence of chiroptical signatures in molecular/plasmonic systems. In supramolecular systems, induced circular dichroism (ICD) originates through the off-resonance coupling of transition dipoles in chiral inclusion complexes, while exciton coupled circular dichroism (ECD) originates through the on-resonance exciton coupling of transition dipoles in chiral assemblies resulting in the formation of a bisignated CD signal. In bisignated ECD spectra, the sign of the couplet is determined not only by the handedness of chiral supramolecular assemblies, but also by the sign of the interaction energy between transition dipoles. Plasmonic chirality is briefly addressed in the last section, focusing on inherent chirality, induced chirality, and surface plasmon-coupled circular dichroism (SP-CD). The oscillator strength is of the order of 1 in molecular systems, while it becomes very large (104-105) in plasmonic systems due to the collective plasmonic excitations, resulting in intense CD signals, which can be exploited for the design of plasmonic metamaterial platforms for chiral sensing applications. This journal i

Information utilization behaviour and constraint analysis among shrimp farmers

Information utilization behaviour and constraint analysis among 60 selected Slzrimp farmers of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh was studied. The findings of the study revealed that private consultants followed by feed technicians were the most important sources of information utilized by 76.67 per cent and 71.67 per cent of Shrimp farmers. Among constraints, disease incidence, poor quality of seeds and lack of quality control agencies were expressed by 81.67, 63.33 and 65.00 per cent of the respondents. Among the suggestions offered by the Shrimp farmers, setting up of disease diagnostic centers, seed certifying agencies and quality con trol agencies for regulating the quality of chemicals accoreded top priority

Involvement of extension personnel in implementing social forestry programmes

In a country like India, where the population is high and resources are limited, social forestry is an instrument for rural development, particularly for the poor people. Thus social forestry is identified as a forestry of the people, by the people and for the people

Factors influencing the extent of adoption of shrimp culture technologies

Fisheries sector occupying a unique status in India as it provides employment, food and nutritional security and foreign exchange. Shrimp farming is an integral activity of the fisheries sector. Shrimp culture on commercial scale begun very recently in India. Among the various factors which determines the adoption of shrimp farming governmental policies and market in wake of post WTO era is most important. Some of the environmental issues are also associated with the shrimp farming. So the present study is an attempt to study the policies responsible for adoption of shrimp culture in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. The study showed that the legal and environmental policies influenced the adoption of shrimp culture technologies

Diffusion of scientific shrimp farming through various stages of the adoption period

Commercial shrimp culture has become to the mainstay of the coastal economy of India. The present study was undertaken among 120 shrimp farmers from the two predominant shrimp farming districts of the country. The aim of the study was to find out the various stages of diffusion of scientific shrimp farming through various stages of the adoption from 1997-2003, as well as to study the present adoption behavior of the shrimp farmers. Using a structured interview schedule each of the respondent was inter-viewed to know his stage of adoption of scientific shrimp farming in each of the year ranging from 1997 to 2003. The number of respondents in each stage of adoption in each of these years was worked out and ex-pressed as percentages. The present adoption behaviour of the shrimp farmers was studied using the adop-tion quotient formula. The study revealed that the symbolic adoption and use adoption was high in the years 2002 and 2003 when more of the critical technologies of health and water management were devel-oped and transferred to the target population. Practice wise adoption of the technologies revealed that the adoption behaviour was high in harvesting, pond bottom conditioning, pond bottom sterilization, liming of pond and feed management