STUDY OF PANCHVALKAL KASAYA IN VAGINAL DISCHARGE W.S.R TO ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES

Vaginal Discharge is a common complaint of women coming for medical consultation, it is characterized by discharge per vagina, with itching. It is very common in developing countries like India where unhygienic condition are prevalent, Stressful Modern life styles, Food Habits, Social status. It is common problem which affect women during reproductive age. WHO has estimated that there are 333 million new cases of curable Vulvovaginal infections per year. Many formulations have been mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for treatment of Yonigatasrava. Panchvalkal has been explained in Bhavprakash. The main objective of this review article is to discuss the thereupatic uses of Panchvalkal in various diseases and to discuss the different pharmacological properties and thereupatic uses of Panchvalkal. The selected drug is found to be effective in vaginal discharge w.s.r. to its Antimicrobial properties. It helps in eliminating symptoms like Srava, Kandu, Dorgandhya, Vedana etc. it has Kashya and Katu Properties. These Gunas are effective on vitiated Kapha and normalize it. The present attempt to encompass the up to date comprehensive literature to Study the mode of action of Panchvalkal in vaginal discharge w.s.r. to Ayurvedic properties and Modern pharmacology

THE DYNAMIC ROLE OF TOURISM-'HOST COMMUNITY MANAGING BY HOST COMMUNITY

ABSTRACT Nowadays tourism is a sustainable means for economic prosperity in macro and micro levels all over the world. Moreover, tourism produces benefits i.e. small and medium-sized enterprises development, creation of new jobs, improvement of infrastructure etc. An area of study related to cultural tourism and the role of festivals in the creation of opportunities for community orientated events and festivals is focusing for the literature research. Tourism can positively contribute to the maintenance of a natural environment by protecting, creating or maintaining national parks or other protected areas. This paper focuses on the tourism sector and its impacts on the economy, environment, politics and the sociocultural being of the host community. The well-organized and managed economic impacts by host communities on the host community are the main aim of this research to highlight

A novel approach to low-cost, rapid and simultaneous colorimetric detection of multiple analytes using 3D printed microfluidic channels

This research paper presents an inventive technique to swiftly create microfluidic channels on distinct membrane papers, enabling colorimetric drug detection. Using a modified DIY RepRap 3D printer with a syringe pump, microfluidic channels (µPADs) are crafted on a flexible nylon-based substrate. This allows simultaneous detection of four common drugs with a single reagent. An optimized blend of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dissolved in hexane is used to create hydrophobic channels on various filter papers. The PDMS-hexane mixture infiltrates the paper's pores, forming hydrophobic barriers that confine liquids within the channels. These barriers are cured on the printer's hot plate, controlling channel width and preventing spreading. Capillary action drives fluid along these paths without spreading. This novel approach provides a versatile solution for rapid microfluidic channel creation on membrane papers. The DIY RepRap 3D printer integration offers precise control and faster curing. The PDMS-hexane solution accurately forms hydrophobic barriers, containing liquids within desired channels. The resulting microfluidic system holds potential for portable, cost-effective drug detection and various sensing applications

Observed prevalence by age (with 95% CIs) and model-predicted values.

<p>Data was aggregated into 3-year groups. Blue line: Model 1 (constant force of infection); Red line: Model 2 (different forces of infection above and below 18 years).</p

Percentage of participants tested positive by indirect ELISA in different municipal wards in Pune city.

<p>Error bars show 95% confidence intervals.</p

Percentage of participants tested positive by IgG Capture ELISA according to age groups in all study sites in Pune city.

<p>Error bars show 95% confidence intervals.</p

Number and proportion of participants tested positive by indirect IgG ELISA in Pune, India, 2017.

<p>Number and proportion of participants tested positive by indirect IgG ELISA in Pune, India, 2017.</p

Distribution pattern of dengue serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies by PRNT.

<p>Distribution pattern of dengue serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies by PRNT.</p

Stratified sero-prevalence revealed overall high disease burden of dengue but suboptimal immunity in younger age groups in Pune, India

<div><p>Background</p><p>In India, dengue disease is emerging as the most important vector borne public health problem due to rapid and unplanned urbanization, high human density and week management of the disease. Clinical cases are grossly underreported and not much information is available on prevalence and incidence of the disease.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>A cross sectional, stratified, facility based, multistage cluster sampling was conducted between May 4 and June 27, 2017 in Pune city. A total of 1,434 participants were enrolled. The serum samples were tested for detection of historical dengue IgG antibodies by ELISA using the commercial Panbio Dengue IgG Indirect ELISA kit. Anti-dengue IgG-capture Panbio ELISA was used for detection of high titered antibodies to detect recent secondary infection. We used this data to estimate key transmission parameters like force of infection and basic reproductive number. A subset of 120 indirect ELISA positive samples was also tested for Plaque Reduction Neutralizing Antibodies for determining serotype-specific prevalence.</p><p>Findings</p><p>Overall, 81% participants were infected with dengue virus (DENV) at least once if not more. The positivity was significantly different in different age groups. All the adults above 70 years were positive for DENV antibodies. Over 69% participants were positive for neutralizing antibodies against all 4 serotypes suggesting intense transmission of all DENV serotypes in Pune. Age-specific seroprevalence was consistent with long-term, endemic circulation of DENV. There was an increasing trend with age, from 21.6% among <36 months to 59.4% in age group 10–12 years. We estimate that 8.68% of the susceptible population gets infected by DENV each year resulting into more than 3,00,000 infections and about 47,000 to 59,000 cases per year. This transmission intensity is similar to that reported from other known hyper-endemic settings in Southeast Asia and the Americas but significantly lower than report from Chennai.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our study suggests that Pune city has high disease burden, all 4 serotypes are circulating, significant spatial heterogeneity in seroprevalence and suboptimal immunity in younger age groups. This would allow informed decisions to be made on management of dengue and introduction of upcoming dengue vaccines in the city.</p></div