Automatic photointerpretation for plant species and stress identification (ERTS-A1)

The author has identified the following significant results. Automatic stratification of forested land from ERTS-1 data provides a valuable tool for resource management. The results are useful for wood product yield estimates, recreation and wildlife management, forest inventory, and forest condition monitoring. Automatic procedures based on both multispectral and spatial features are evaluated. With five classes, training and testing on the same samples, classification accuracy of 74 percent was achieved using the MSS multispectral features. When adding texture computed from 8 x 8 arrays, classification accuracy of 90 percent was obtained

Automatic photointerpretation for land use management in Minnesota

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Automatic photointerpretation for land use management in Minnesota

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Automatic photointerpretation for land use management in Minnesota

The author has identified the following significant results. Automatic photointerpretation techniques were utilized to evaluate the feasibility of data for land use management. It was shown that ERTS-1 MSS data can produce thematic maps of adequate resolution and accuracy to update land use maps. In particular, five typical land use areas were mapped with classification accuracies ranging from 77% to over 90%

GLP-1 Analogs Reduce Hepatocyte Steatosis and Improve Survival by Enhancing the Unfolded Protein Response and Promoting Macroautophagy

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a known outcome of hepatosteatosis. Free fatty acids (FFA) induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that may induce apoptosis. Recent data indicate ER stress to be a major player in the progression of fatty liver to more aggressive lesions. Autophagy on the other hand has been demonstrated to be protective against ER stress-induced cell death. We hypothesized that exendin-4 (GLP-1 analog) treatment of fat loaded hepatocytes can reduce steatosis by autophagy which leads to reduced ER stress-related hepatocyte apoptosis.Primary human hepatocytes were loaded with saturated, cis- and trans-unsaturated fatty acids (palmitic, oleic and elaidic acid respectively). Steatosis, induced with all three fatty acids, was significantly resolved after exendin-4 treatment. Exendin-4 sustained levels of GRP78 expression in fat-loaded cells when compared to untreated fat-loaded cells alone. In contrast, CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein); the penultimate protein that leads to ER stress-related cell death was significantly decreased by exendin-4 in hepatocytes loaded with fatty acids. Finally, exendin-4 in fat loaded hepatocytes clearly promoted gene products associated with macroautophagy as measured by enhanced production of both Beclin-1 and LC3B-II, markers for autophagy; and visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Similar observations were made in mouse liver lysates after mice were fed with high fat high fructose diet and treated with a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide.GLP-1 proteins appear to protect hepatocytes from fatty acid-related death by prohibition of a dysfunctional ER stress response; and reduce fatty acid accumulation, by activation of both macro-and chaperone-mediated autophagy. These findings provide a novel role for GLP-1 proteins in halting the progression of more aggressive lesions from underlying steatosis in humans afflicted with NAFLD

Possible Associations between Bovine Growth Hormone Gene Polymorphism and Reproductive Traits

The polymorphism of the bovine growth hormone gene (bGH) was studied in 211 Nellore pure breed males for association with reproductive traits. Scrotal circumference and testosterone concentrations were collected monthly from 10 until 16 months of age. Additionally, testicular growth rates were calculated. DNA was amplified by PCR and digested using Msp I and Hae III restriction enzymes. Every polymorphism presented two alleles. The predominant alleles were D (0.85) and F (0.98), respectively, and genotype EE - bGH/Hae III was missing. Significant association (P<0.05) between bGH/Msp I polymorphism, scrotal circumference and testicular growth after puberty, as well as between bGH/Hae III and testosterone concentrations at puberty were detected. The results suggested that these association could be useful for selection, since bGH/Msp I and bGH/Hae III polymorphisms could be considered as markers for testicular development after puberty and onset of puberty, respectively.<br>Em 211 machos da raça Nelore, PO, foi estudada a associação entre os polimorfismos do gene do hormônio de crescimento bovino (bGH) e características reprodutivas. Para o estudo foram realizadas medições mensais da circunferência escrotal e concentração de testosterona dos 10 aos 16 meses de idade e, ainda foi calculada a taxa de crescimento testicular. O DNA foi amplificado por PCR e digerido com as enzimas de restrição Msp I e Hae III. Cada um dos polimorfismos obtidos apresentou dois alelos. Os aleleo D (0,85) e F (0,98) predominaram na população estudada. Não foram encontrados animais portadores do genótipo EE do polimorfismo bGH/Hae III. Houve associação significativa (P<0,05) entre o polimorfismo bGH/Msp I, a circunferência escrotal e o crescimento testicular após a puberdade e, ainda, entre o polimorfismo do bGH/Hae III e a concentração da testosterona na puberdade. Os resultados sugerem que os polimorfismos bGH/Msp I e bGH/Hae III poderiam ser considerados marcadores do desenvolvimento testicular e o aparecimento da puberdade. Pela importância das observações, em função do reduzido tamanho da amostra, os estudos devem prosseguir