On Nonperturbative Exactness of Konishi Anomaly and the Dijkgraaf-Vafa Conjecture

In this paper we study the nonperturbative corrections to the generalized Konishi anomaly that come from the strong coupling dynamics of the gauge theory. We consider U(N) gauge theory with adjoint and Sp(N) or SO(N) gauge theory with symmetric or antisymmetric tensor. We study the algebra of chiral rotations of the matter field and show that it does not receive nonperturbative corrections. The algebra implies Wess-Zumino consistency conditions for the generalized Konishi anomaly which are used to show that the anomaly does not receive nonperturbative corrections for superpotentials of degree less than 2l+1 where 2l=3c(Adj)-c(R) is the one-loop beta function coefficient. The superpotentials of higher degree can be nonperturbatively renormalized because of the ambiguities in the UV completion of the gauge theory. We discuss the implications for the Dijkgraaf-Vafa conjecture.Comment: 23 page

Low Energy Effective Action in N=2 Yang-Mills as an Integrated Anomaly

Based on chiral ring relations and anomalies, as described by Cachazo, Douglas, Seiberg and Witten, we argue that the holomorphic effective action in N=2 Yang-Mills theory can be understood as an integrated U(1) anomaly from a purely field theory point of view. In particular, we show that the periods of the Riemann surface arising from the generalized Konishi anomaly can be given a physical interpretation without referring to special geometry. We also discuss consequences for the multi-instanton calculus in N=2 Yang-Mills theory.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures ; v2: reference adde

Understanding surface chemistry during MAPbI3 spray deposition and its effect on photovoltaic performance

Sprayed MAPbI3 films exhibit changing surface chemistry that affects electronic band alignment and PV performance. Results highlight the potential for a low costing spray deposition technique.</p

Axiverse and Black Hole

String theory/M-theory generally predicts that axionic fields with a broad mass spectrum extending below 10^{-10}eV are produced after compactification to four dimensions. These axions/fields provoke a rich variety of cosmophysical phenomena on different scales depending on their masses and provide us new windows to probe the ultimate theory. In this article, after overviewing this axiverse idea, I take up the black hole instability as the most fascinating one among such axionic phenomena and explain its physical mechanism and astrophysical predictions.Comment: References added; 32 pages, 24 figures. Based on the lecture at the 2011 Shanghai Asia-Pacific School and Workshop on Gravitatio

Generalized Konishi anomaly, Seiberg duality and singular effective superpotentials

Using the generalized Konishi anomaly (GKA) equations, we derive the effective superpotential of four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric SU(n) gauge theory with n+2 fundamental flavors. We find, however, that the GKA equations are only integrable in the Seiberg dual description of the theory, but not in the direct description of the theory. The failure of integrability in the direct, strongly coupled, description suggests the existence of non-perturbative corrections to the GKA equations.Comment: 20 pages; v3: corrected the comparison to the SU(2) cas

Compactification of IIB Theory with Fluxes and Axion-Dilaton String Cosmology

Compactification of type IIB theory on torus, in the presence of fluxes, is considered. The reduced effective action is expressed in manifestly S-duality invariant form. Cosmological solutions of the model are discussed in several cases in the Pre-Big Bang scenario.Comment: 22 page

Sp(N) higher-derivative F-terms via singular superpotentials

We generalize the higher-derivative F-terms introduced by Beasley and Witten (hep-th/0409149) for SU(2) superQCD to Sp(N) gauge theories with fundamental matter. We generate these terms by integrating out massive modes at tree level from an effective superpotential on the chiral ring of the microscopic theory. Though this superpotential is singular, its singularities are mild enough to permit the unambiguous identification of its minima, and gives sensible answers upon integrating out massive modes near any given minimum.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

On singular effective superpotentials in supersymmetric gauge theories

We study N=1 supersymmetric SU(2) gauge theory in four dimensions with a large number of massless quarks. We argue that effective superpotentials as a function of local gauge-invariant chiral fields should exist for these theories. We show that although the superpotentials are singular, they nevertheless correctly describe the moduli space of vacua, are consistent under RG flow to fewer flavors upon turning on masses, and also reproduce by a tree-level calculation the higher-derivative F-terms calculated by Beasely and Witten (hep-th/0409149) using instanton methods. We note that this phenomenon can also occur in supersymmetric gauge theories in various dimensions.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures; minor errors correcte

Geodetic precession and strong gravitational lensing in the dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity

We have investigated the geodetic precession and the strong gravitational lensing in the slowly-rotating black hole in the dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity theory. We present the formulas of the orbital period $T$ and the geodetic precession angle $\Delta\Theta$ for the timelike particles in the circular orbits around the black hole, which shows that the change of the geodetic precession angle with the Chern-Simons coupling parameter $\xi$ is converse to the change of the orbital period with $\xi$ for fixed $a$. We also discuss the effects of the Chern-Simons coupling parameter on the strong gravitational lensing when the light rays pass close to the black hole and obtain that for the stronger Chern-Simons coupling the prograde photons may be captured more easily, and conversely, the retrograde photons is harder to be captured in the slowly-rotating black hole in the dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity. Supposing that the gravitational field of the supermassive central object of the Galaxy can be described by this metric, we estimated the numerical values of the main observables for gravitational lensing in the strong field limit.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, more clarifications and references added, accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Inflation Assisted by Heterotic Axions

We explore the possibility of obtaining inflation in weakly coupled heterotic string theory, where the model dependent axions are responsible for driving inflation. This model can be considered as a certain extrapolation of $m^{2}\phi^{2}$-inflation, and is an attempt to explicitly realize the so called N-flation proposal in string theory. The instanton generated potential for the axions essentially has two parameters; a natural mass scale $M$ and the string coupling $g_{s}$. For isotropic compactifications leading to of order $\mathcal{O} (10^4)$ axions in the four dimensional spectrum we find that with $(M, g_{s})\simeq(M_{GUT}, 0.5)$ the observed temperature fluctuations in the CMB are correctly reproduced. We assume an initially random distribution for the vevs of the axions. The spectral index, $n_{s}$, is generically more red than for $m^{2}\phi^{2}$-inflation. The greater the vevs, the more red the spectral index becomes. Allowing for a wide range of vevs 55 $e$-foldings from the end of inflation, we find $0.946\lesssim n_{s} \lesssim 0.962$. The tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, is more sensitive to the vevs, but typically smaller than in $m^{2}\phi^{2}$-inflation. Furthermore, in the regime where the leading order theory is valid, $r$ is bounded by $r < 0.10$. The spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio are correlated. For example, $n_{s}\simeq 0.951$ corresponds to $r\simeq 0.036$.Comment: 1+21 pages, 2 figures, v2: Typos corrected, v3: Typos, very minor corrections, reference added, to appear in JCA