Disorders in the System of Mineral and Bone Metabolism Regulators—FGF-23, Klotho and Sclerostin—in Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Significance and Possibilities for Correction

The chapter discusses the current understanding of the system of mineral and bone metabolism regulators—FGF-23, Klotho and sclerostin—disturbances in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the chapter we presented the date, including our own results, which allow to suggest the change in the ratio of FGF-23-Klotho-sclerostin in CKD as an early biomarker not only for the chronic kidney damage but also for high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Results of studies show that disorders in FGF-23-Klotho-sclerostin ratio correlate with the frequency and severity of hypertension, vascular calcification, cardiac remodelling, anaemia, malnutrition, inflammation and strong aggravate CV risk in CKD. It was found independent from blood pressure (BP) action of increased serum FGF-23 on the myocardium as well as the correlation of serum high-sensitive troponin I with increased serum FGF-23 and low Klotho levels in CKD patients. At the same time, it was shown that renoprotective therapy, including renin-angiotensin blockers, low-protein diet with amino/keto acid supplementation and phosphate binders, erythropoiesis stimulators, vitamin D metabolites used to get the target levels of BP, serum phosphorus, haemoglobin, parathyroid hormone and nutritional status disorders correction can reduce the risk of CV events, as the major cause of death in CKD patients

Nutritional Status Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease: Practical Aspects (Systematic Review)

Despite the significant achievements in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the mortality rate of these patients still remains high. Nutritional status disorders (NSD) are considered now as one of the prognostic risk factors not only for dialysis but also for predialysis CKD stages. Since the publication of KDIGO 2012 guidelines for CKD patient’s management, there has been some significant advancement in our understanding of main NSD mechanisms in CKD, including different nosological group patients (first, in diabetic and systemic diseases patients). At the same time, there is still an urgent need for randomized trials for better-informed decisions and future optimization of CKD patients’ care. This chapter provides the current data on all aspects of NSD in CKD: etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment approaches, as well as on risk factors of NSD at predialysis stages and in chronic hemodialysis patients. Considerable attention was devoted to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NSD in CKD patients. It was determined that the overall strategy for dietary treatment contributed to improving the life quality of patients and slowing down of CKD progression. The review is written based on the published results of clinical studies performed on the position of evidence-based medicine

Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and After Kidney Allotransplantation (Systematic Review)

Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a separate independent risk factor of cardiovascular (CV) events. The aim of the review is to provide a literature summary concerning early diagnosis and treatment of anemia in CKD that may be useful for clinicians and contribute to decrease CV mortality. Literature searches were made in such major databases as: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Web of Science, e-library, and website of WHO. This search encompassed original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses relevant to CKD and anemia over recent 15 years. A total of 54 references from 562 reviewed articles were selected as they met to the search criteria (anemia and CKD, including diabetes mellitus, systemic diseases and post-transplant anemia). The publications included 27 randomized controlled trials, 20 experimental studies representing new data on the links of CKD anemia and cardiovascular risk markers (cytokines, Klotho, fibroblast growth factor (FGF-23), hyperglycemia, hypoalbuminemia and some others), 4 systematic reviews and 3 clinical practice guidelines. The main attention was devoted to the analysis of the studies provided an early diagnosis of anemia, an ability to minimize the factors contributing to its severity that have allowed to improve CV and total outcomes and to reduce costs of hospital treatment of CKD patients with anemia

Busulfan/Fludarabine- or Treosulfan/Fludarabine-Based Conditioning Regimen for Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome – an EBMT Inborn Errors Working Party and Scetide Study

Introduction Excellent survival rates have been reported after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients. Recipient age >5 years in MUD HSCT as well as MMFD as donor were negative predictors for outcome. However, the vast majority of HSCTs in previously published studies were performed with (oral) busulfan/cyclophosphamide-based conditioning and in the early 2000 years or before. Objectives To compare OS and EFS after HSCT with either busulfan/fludarabine (BuFlu) ± thiotepa (TT) or treosulfan/fludarabine (TreoFlu) ± TT as recommended for primary immunodeficiencies since 2005 by the inborn errors working party (IEWP) of EBMT and ESID. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis via the EBMT and SCETIDE registries of WAS patients transplanted between 20006 and 2016 with these two regimens. At the time of this interim analysis, 174 patients were included, 92 (53%) with BuFlu±TT and 82 (47%) with TreoFlu±TT conditioning, with a median age of 1.6 years (0.2-30) at HSCT and a median follow-up of 32.9 months (1.5-128.9). Donors were MSD in 30, other MRD in 5, MUD (9/10 or 10/10) in 105, MMUD ( Results Two year overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 88.6% (95% c.i. 83.5%-93.6%). There was no significant difference in OS between BuFlu±TT or TreoFlu±TT conditioning (2-year OS 88.1% vs. 89.5%; p=0.7). Patients aged >5 years had a worse OS as compared to those 5 years or younger at HSCT (74.9% vs. 90.8%; p=0.005). The type of donor had no influence on OS: 96.4% for MSD/MFD, 86.8% for MUD/MMUD and 87.7% for MMFD (p=0.4). The rate of complete (≥90%) donor chimerism at last follow-up or before a secondary procedure (if a patient had one) was 41/42 (98%) in the BuFlu±TT group and 21/35 (60%) in the TreoFlu±TT group (p=0.0001). Twenty-six patients required a second procedure: stem cell boost in 4, donor lymphocyte infusion in 9, 2nd HSCT in 15 and splenectomy in 1. The 2-year cumulative incidence (CI) of second procedures was higher at 33.9% in the TreoFlu±TT versus 12.8% in the BuFlu±TT group (p=0.017), and 2-year EFS (events: second procedure or death) was 61.4% in the TreoFlu±TT and 75.0% in the BuFlu±TT group (p=0.2). Grade II-IV acute GVHD had the same incidence in both groups (24.4% vs. 26.3%; p=0.849) and chronic GVHD of any grade was borderline more frequent in the TreoFlu±TT group (17.2% vs 6.7%; p=0.054). Conclusion HSCT with either BuFlu±TT or TreoFlu±TT conditioning reliably cures almost 90% of patients with WAS regardless of donor type. Age >5 years at HSCT remains a negative risk factor. More patients were mixed chimeras and required second procedures after TreoFlu±TT than after BuFlu±TT conditioning. These data confirm the feasibility and efficacy of the regimens currently recommended by the IEWP

The personnel training’s innovative technologies for the social protection of the population

The aim of the study is to investigate the innovative technologies of the personnel training for the social protection of the population. The methods of applied modelling, social and educational experiments are preferred among other applied methods. The discussions in the relevant literature concern the issue of the status of social work as a profession. The analysis of the relevant literature and our own research allowed us to make the following conclusion: all these contradictions can be solved through the innovative teaching technologies that include active and interactive methods, game-based technologies, competitive and interactive methods in education, student Olympics.El objetivo del estudio es investigar las tecnologías innovadoras del personal capacitado para la protección social de la población. Los métodos de modelado aplicado, experimentos sociales y educativos son preferidos entre otros métodos aplicados. Las discusiones en la literatura relevante se refieren a la cuestión del estatus del trabajo social como una profesión. El análisis de la literatura relevante y nuestra propia investigación nos permitió llegar a la siguiente conclusión: todas estas contradicciones se pueden resolver a través de tecnologías de enseñanza innovadoras que incluyen métodos activos e interactivos, tecnologías basadas en juegos, métodos competitivos e interactivos en educación, Olimpiadas estudiantile

THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES OF THE PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE IN TRADING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES.

The modern world is changing rapidly due to significant and fast development of technology. Telecommunications have penetrated all spheres of life, and linguistics is not an exclusion. People have to adapt to the changing world therefore the language is constantly varying by adding new words and borrowings from languages of other countries. The article is focused on studying the dynamics of changes which is the key to success in all aspects especially in the professional sphere. Considering the problem the authors of the article have used the method of theoretical analysis and synthesis. The article is dedicated to the problem of the changes of lexical units in a professional language of trading under the influence of telecommunication technologies. The researchers have studied for about 100 testing messages in English written by natives and non-English speaking economists engaged in a trading sphere and have come to the conclusion that professional vocabulary due to the development of texting via various messengers such as WhatsApp and Viber have changed considerably for the last ten years. The authors have revealed the evident changes in spelling in the first place and colouring evaluation of the meaning

The Role of Social Networks in the Organization of the Educational Process and Learning

The objectives of the study are to conduct a survey among students and teachers of Russian universities, which will determine their general attitude to the use of social networks in education; to identify the functions of social networks from the perspective of respondents; based on the results of both stages of the study, to determine the role of social networks in the educational process. Students and teachers of four Russian universities (MGIMO University, Kuban State Technological University, North-Eastern Federal University, Russian State Social University) took part in the survey. A total of 500 students and 100 teachers were interviewed. The results of the first part of the study showed that the attitude of students and teachers towards the use of social networks in education is generally positive. Both groups of respondents noted the advantages of introducing social networks into the educational process and also stated their willingness to increase their use. When using social networks in education, students can fill in special forms to indicate social network accounts to be subsequently used. Also, the administration of group chats can be taken under the control of the university for the purpose of a more structured exchange of information/educational materials

Retracted Article: The Use of Digital Technologies for Teaching Dentistry

This article has been retracted by the iJET editorial team: The article on this page has been associated with fraudulent publication practices after its publication in iJET. The work could be linked to a criminal paper mill selling authorships and articles for publication in several online journals to paying customers. The iJET editorial team was initially informed about the paper mill’s fraudulent activities by Dr. Perron (University of Michigan) and his team on 08/03/2021. The investigation results were published on RetractionWatch under https://retractionwatch.com/author/perronetal/ on 12/20/2021. Based on the evidence provided by Dr. Perron and his team, the iJET editorial team considerably questions the paper’s scientific integrity and legitimacy as part of the scientific body. Finally, iJET decided to retract the paper. Neither iJET, Online-Journals.org, nor IAOE stands in any contact with the paper mill’s fraudulent activities. We condemn such procedures and dissociate ourselves from any person or entity, which is knowingly or unknowingly part of it