To compete or to cooperate? Values' impact on perception and action in social dilemma games

Two studies investigated how values affect competitive versus cooperative behavior. Each Study presented a new social-dilemma game, in which participants' interpretations of the dilemma (i.e., their subjective payoff matrix)—and consequently the dominant (i.e., rational) behavioral choice—depended on their values. The Paired Charity Game (Study 1) framed the situation in terms of cooperation. As hypothesized, contribution correlated positively with universalism and benevolence values that reflect concern for others and negatively with power, achievement, and hedonism values that promote self-interests. Furthermore, values, but not traits, predicted the participants' contribution. The Group Charity Game (Study 2) was designed to frame the situation in terms of competition. As hypothesized, contribution correlated positively with emphasizing benevolence over power values. Moreover, the impact of values was stronger when they were rendered accessible, indicating a causal influence of values on behavior. Furthermore, when their value hierarchy was rendered accessible, participants explained their choices in terms of those values that were (a) important to them and (b) relevant to the situation. The findings thus point to the mechanism through which accessible values affect behavior. Taken together, the studies promote our understanding of the value–behavior relationships, by highlighting the impact of values on perception. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/79435/1/729_ftp.pd

Reforzar o disputar la hegemonía de lo masculino a partir del juego y la recreación: Reflexiones a partir de una propuesta pedagógica

La recreación es una intervención sociocultural que, a través del juego y aportes interdisciplinarios propone una transformación social dentro del tiempo libre para ejercer la libertad en el tiempo, buscando superar miradas parciales de la realidad para poder tener un pensamiento crítico sobre la misma. Al ser una actividad educativa dentro del ámbito de la educación no formal, la recreación es dirigida con intencionalidad y prestando atención a un proceso grupal. Daremos cuenta en este trabajo de ciertas intervenciones desde la Recreación que se presentan como “neutras” y en efecto reproducen representaciones y prácticas estereotipadas. Otras, intentan desnaturalizar los estereotipos pero reproducen la hegemonía de determinadas prácticas (fundamentalmente las “masculinas”) y finalmente algunas superan la dicotomía y la hegemonía de “lo masculino” y se instalan como posibilidades críticas y dinámicas en pos de la deconstrucción de las desigualdades.Recreation is a sociocultural intervention that, through interdisciplinary play and contributions, proposes a social transformation within free time to exercise freedom in time, seeking to overcome partial views of reality in order to have critical thinking about it. Being an educational activity within the scope of non-formal education, recreation is directed with intentionality and paying attention to a group process. We will account in this work of certain interventions from the Recreation that are presented as "neutral" and in effect reproduce representations and stereotyped practices. Others try to denature the stereotypes but reproduce the hegemony of certain practices (mainly the "masculine") and finally some overcome the dichotomy and hegemony of "the masculine" and settle as critical and dynamic possibilities in pursuit of the deconstruction of inequalities .Fil: Nebra, Maria Julieta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Carrera de Trabajo Social; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sverdlik, Lucía. Instituto Superior de Tiempo Libre y Recreación; Argentin

Amplifying Grassroots COVID-19 Responses in Kenya

The pandemic has led to rising precarity and has exacerbated several human rights violations in Nairobi’s informal settlements, including unemployment, food insecurity, sexual and gender-based violence, police brutality and other socioeconomic concerns. Grassroots groups have collaborated to address these challenges by developing arts-based strategies, mutual care and bottom-up knowledge generation. Our project has explored these community-led responses to COVID-19 in Nairobi’s informal settlement of Mathare and asked how the pandemic may encourage more equitable development trajectories to address multiple risks. The initiative has generated valuable risk data from Mathare to inform future interventions, while simultaneously strengthening relations with local decision makers and other grassroots organisations.Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO

ОЦЕНКИ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ДИНАМИКИ ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ С НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННЫМ СОСТОЯНИЕМ ИССЛЕДУЕМЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ГЕОСРЕДЫ

The RAS Research Station started geodynamical research at the Bishkek Geodynamic Test Area (BGTA) in 1980s. This test area is located in the Northern Tien Shan, one of most seismically active zones of Central Asia. The distribution patterns of crustal deformation in space and time are investigated by a complex of geophysical, seismological and geodesic methods. Long-offset transient electromagnetic (LOTEM) technique is an important component of the geophysical research carried out at BGTA with the focus on forecasting of seismic activity dynamics. LOTEM is considered to be one of the most informative methods for obtaining data on multilayered conductive anisotropic geologic environment. This article presents the results of integrated interpretation of LOTEM sounding data recorded at permanent electro-magnetic monitoring stations, Ak-Suu and Shavai. The time series of specific electrical resistance are analyzed to reveal a correlation with the stress-strain state of the geologic environment and seismic process in the study region in the period from January 2016 to October 2018. It is established that the deformation process taking place at a depth of more than 8.0 km is reflected in the time series of specific electrical resistance in the form of bay-shaped negative variations. A decrease of apparent resistance is observed when the receiver dipoles of the measurement unit are arranged in the meridian (N-S) direction. The periods of compression in the submeridional direction coincide with the periods with the highest density of seismic events. A comparison of earthquake hypocenter locations against the topographic relief and the data on regional faults shows the maximum density of hypocenters at the axial parts of Northern Tien Shan ridges.Геодинамические исследования пространственно-временного распределения деформаций земной коры на Бишкекском геодинамическом полигоне Научной станции РАН в г. Бишкеке, расположенном на территории Северного Тянь-Шаня, одной из наиболее сейсмоактивных областей Средней Азии, ведутся комплексом геофизических, сейсмологических и геодезических методов начиная с 80-х годов ХХ в. Важной составной частью выполняемых геофизических исследований, связанных с прогнозированием динамики сейсмической активности, и одним из наиболее информативных методов получения данных о многослойной проводящей анизотропной геологической среде является зондирование становлением поля в дальней зоне. Рассмотрены результаты комплексной интерпретации данных, полученных этим методом, для стационарных пунктов электромагнитного мониторинга Ак-Суу и Шавай. Временные ряды кажущегося удельного электрического сопротивления проанализированы на предмет связи с напряженно-деформационным состоянием геологической среды и сейсмическим процессом в исследуемой области в период с января 2016 г. по октябрь 2018 г. Установлено, что деформационный процесс, происходящий на глубинах более 8 км, проявляется во временных рядах удельного электрического сопротивления в виде бухтообразных отрицательных вариаций. Уменьшение кажущегося сопротивления наблюдается при расположении приемных диполей измерительной установки в меридиональном направлении (ориентированных в направлении север – юг). С периодами сжатия в субмеридиональном направлении совпадает наибольшая плотность сейсмических событий. Проведено сравнение расположения гипоцентров землетрясений с рельефом земной поверхности и данными о региональных разломах, которое показало, что максимальная плотность гипоцентров, как правило, приурочена к осевым частям хребтов Северного Тянь-Шаня