Application of Fin System on Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye using Adsorbent Coating Layer: Mathematical Formulae

Treatment of dye solution using fin system is one of the new adsorption application techniques that can replace expensive conventional adsorption treatment units that mostly used in industries. The fins will work as the media of adsorbent coating and immerse in a tank containing dye wastewater. The purpose of present study is to develop simple mathematical equations for the fin's system by using adsorbent coating layer (ACL) as an adsorbent. By installing coated fins inside the tank, the concentration of dye can be easily reduced up to 90 %. The equilibrium adsorption data was best met by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating the adsorption is homogeneous surface and in monolayer state.  The mathematical formula developed from the isotherm model of adsorption was revealed to be used in large scale application for the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater since the percent error between calculated and experimental values were less than 15%

Development of Composite Adsorbent Coating Based Acrylic Polymer/Bentonite for Methylene Blue Removal

The development of composite adsorbent coating based acrylic polymer solution (APS) mixed with bentonite (ben) was investigated. The composite adsorbent coating was prepared and coated to a high surface area substrate, cotton cellulosic fiber (CCF). The APS/ben-CCF was used for a single cationic methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption system. Characterization of composition and structure of materials and coating was carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The adsorption properties of the APS/ben-CCF were investigated as a function of solution pH, initial dye concentration and contact time as well as solution temperature of MB dye. The result revealed that the APS/ben-CCF functioned well in solutions of various pH (acidic to alkaline), achieving 100% removal of MB within 2 hours of adsorption for 50 ppm. Kinetic studies showed that APS/ben-CCF is endothermic in nature since the adsorption capacity increased with increasing solution temperature. These results demonstrate that APS/ben-CCF composite adsorbent coating is an advanced adsorbent with advantages such as easy phase separation and capability to remove cationic dyes in a short time period

Application of Fin System on Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye using Adsorbent Coating Layer: Mathematical Formulae

Treatment of dye solution using fin system is one of the new adsorption application techniques that can replace expensive conventional adsorption treatment units that mostly used in industries. The fins will work as the media of adsorbent coating and immerse in a tank containing dye wastewater. The purpose of present study is to develop simple mathematical equations for the fin's system by using adsorbent coating layer (ACL) as an adsorbent. By installing coated fins inside the tank, the concentration of dye can be easily reduced up to 90 %. The equilibrium adsorption data was best met by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating the adsorption is homogeneous surface and in monolayer state.  The mathematical formula developed from the isotherm model of adsorption was revealed to be used in large scale application for the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater since the percent error between calculated and experimental values were less than 15%

Enhancing the Performances of Polymeric PVDF Membranes for Oil/Water Separation by Hydrophilic and Underwater Oleophobic Surfaces Modification

This paper investigates the permeability and separation performance of polyphenolic-amine coated PVDF membrane with hydrophilic (26.9 ± 5.6°) and underwater oleophobic (162.1 ± 5.1°) surface modification. Surface chemical structures, surface compositions and hydrophilicity of membranes were investigated by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle analyses, respectively. The separation of emulsion oil solutions was evaluated using cross-flow filtration mode in term of high permeation flux and excellent oil resistance. Then, the flux recovery ratio of filtration process was calculated at different transmembrane pressures (TMP) and initial concentrations of emulsion feed solutions. The results showed a decrease in the flux recovery ratio at higher pressures and initial oil concentrations. By applying Hermia’s blocking model, formation of cake layer shows dominant fouling mechanism for the emulsion oil separation process

Removal Efficiency of Acid Red 18 Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Different Aluminium-Based Electrode Materials by Electrocoagulation Process

This work compares commercial aluminium electrode for use in the treatment of wastewater by electrocoagulation process against waste aluminium cans electrode. The applicability of the waste aluminium cans electrode was tested for decolorization of Acid Red 18 dye as a model pollutant. The batch electrocoagulation process using both types of electrode was conducted at a current density of 25 mA/cm2, a pH of 3, an initial concentration of 100 mg/L and 25 min of reaction time. The elemental composition and surface morphology of both electrode materials and the sludge produced were analyzed using SEM-EDX to establish the correlation between the properties and characteristics of both electrode materials with their dye removal performance. The results demonstrated that waste aluminium cans performed better than commercial aluminium electrode with a removal efficiency of 100% in 25 min of reaction time. This was due to the higher Al dissolution of waste aluminium cans electrode that contributed to the larger amount of Al3+ released into the solution to consequently form more flocs to remove the dye molecules. In conclusion, the proposed waste aluminium electrode was considered as efficient and cost-effective and had the potential to replace the conventional ones in treating colored industrial wastewater using electrocoagulation process

Development of Composite Adsorbent Coating Based Acrylic Polymer/Bentonite for Methylene Blue Removal

The development of composite adsorbent coating based acrylic polymer solution (APS) mixed with bentonite (ben) was investigated. The composite adsorbent coating was prepared and coated to a high surface area substrate, cotton cellulosic fiber (CCF). The APS/ben-CCF was used for a single cationic methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption system. Characterization of composition and structure of materials and coating was carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The adsorption properties of the APS/ben-CCF were investigated as a function of solution pH, initial dye concentration and contact time as well as solution temperature of MB dye. The result revealed that the APS/ben-CCF functioned well in solutions of various pH (acidic to alkaline), achieving 100% removal of MB within 2 hours of adsorption for 50 ppm. Kinetic studies showed that APS/ben-CCF is endothermic in nature since the adsorption capacity increased with increasing solution temperature. These results demonstrate that APS/ben-CCF composite adsorbent coating is an advanced adsorbent with advantages such as easy phase separation and capability to remove cationic dyes in a short time period

Coagulation-Sedimentation-Extraction Pretreatment Methods for The Removal of Suspended Solids and Residual Oil From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome)

Suspended solids and residual oil removal in a liquid are relevant to numerous research areas and industry. The suspended solid cannot be removed completely by plain settling. Large and heavy particles can settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Because of this, it requires efficient physical-chemical pretreatment methods.   Our current research is to study the pretreatment methods in the removal of suspended solids and residual oil content in POME. Preliminary analysis shows that POME contains 40,000 mg/L suspended solid and 4,000 mg/L oil and grease content that relatively very high compared to the maximum allowable limit by the Malaysian Department of Environment which are only 400 mg/L and 50 mg/L respectively. The methods chosen were coagulation-sedimentation method for suspended solids removal and solvent extraction for residual oil removal.  Jar test apparatus was used as the standard procedure for bench-scale testing and alum was used as the coagulant. Parameters studied were alum dosage, mixing time, mixing speed, sedimentation time and pH. For removal of residual oil, six different organic solvents; n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, petroleum ether, pentane and petroleum benzene were used. For every solvent the effect of solvent ratio, mixing time, mixing speed and pH were analyzed. The results show that the optimum conditions in removal of suspended solid from POME were at pH 4.11, sedimentation time of 100 minutes and 150 rpm mixing speed with 1.5 hr mixing time. N-hexane give the best performance in extracting residual oil from POME with solvent to POME ratio of 6:10. It was estimated about 0.54 grams of oil and grease can be extracted with optimum variables at pH 4, mixing speed of 200 rpm, and 20 minutes mixing time.   Key Words: palm oil mill effluent, coagulation, suspended solid, residual oil, solvent extraction

Graphene Oxide-Doped Polymer Inclusion Membrane for Remediation of Pharmaceutical Contaminant of Emerging Concerns: Ibuprofen

The application of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for the aquatic remediation of several heavy metals, dyes, and nutrients has been extensively studied. However, its application in treating organic compounds such as Ibuprofen, an emerging pharmaceutical contaminant that poses potential environmental problems, has not been explored satisfactorily. Therefore, graphene oxide (GO) doped PIMs were fabricated, characterized, and applied to extract aqueous Ibuprofen at varied pH conditions. The doped PIMs were synthesized using a low concentration of Aliquat 336 as carrier and 0, 0.15, 0.45, and 0.75% GO as nanoparticles in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) base polymer without adding any plasticizer. The synthesized PIM was characterized by SEM, FTIR, physical, and chemical stability. The GO doped PIM was well plasticized and had an optimal Ibuprofen extraction efficiency of about 84% at pH of 10 and 0.75% GO concentration. Furthermore, the GO doped PIM’s chemical stability indicates better stability in acidic solution than in the alkaline solution. This study demonstrates that the graphene oxide-doped PIM significantly enhanced the extraction of Ibuprofen at a low concentration. However, further research is required to improve its stability and efficiency for the remediation of the ubiquitous Ibuprofen in the aquatic environment