チュウガッコウ エイゴ ケンテイ キョウカショ ニオケル ドウシ ノ シュツゲン ヒンド チョウサ : ゲンジョウ ト カダイ

Junior high school English textbooks in Japan are made in accordance with the Course of Study and authorized by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. When focusing on the vocabulary used in the textbooks, the choice of the words is left to the publishing company because the Course of Study does not include word lists. English teachers are not given any information about the differences among the textbooks except for the word list in the textbook. This study examined six authorized junior high school English textbooks and showed their differences in the vocabulary and the frequency, which will benefit the teachers who teach English by using the textbooks. We searched for verbs and verb frequencies occurring in sentences. The results clearly showed extreme unbalance in the frequency, for example, the verb, be, accounted for almost 30％ of the tokens of verbs in every textbook. The choice of verbs also varied among textbooks, and the verbs did not cover all of the words in the word list for junior high school students suggested in the New JACET List of 8000 Basic words. These results indicate the necessity to set a criteria for the choice of the vocabulary and their use in textbooks and also call teachers’ attention to how to teach basic and important words in this situation

EGFR遺伝子陽性NSCLCにニボルマブが有効であった１例

Nivolumab is approved for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）who experience progression of disease on or after standard platinum-based chemotherapy. But there are still a few reports of nivolumab treatment in after EGFR-TKI treatment since NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations has been said to have poor effect on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. Also, there are several reports of severe interstitial pneumonitis when Nivolumab is used after EGFR-TKI treatment. A88‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with an EGFR exon21 L861Q mutation（clinical stage ⅢA ; cT4N0M0）. She had received Gefitinib for 18 months, until she had disease progression（PD）. Re-biopsy showed T790M-negative, ALK-negative and PD-L1 0%. Several other drugs were attempted after Gefitinib, but none of them showed any effect. Nivolumab treatment was initiated as her sixth chemotherapy, four and a half years after being diagnosed. Her tumor responded well to Nivolumab treatment and still remains effective without any severe side effects such as interstitial pneumonitis. Our case suggests that Nivolumab treatment is a treatment option for NSCLC patients with EGFR uncommon mutations who are refractory to EGFR-TKI treatment