Study on the impact of hometown resource endowment on farmers’ rural-urban migration decisions against the background of “dual carbon”

This study investigates the impact of hometown resource endowment on farmers’ rural-urban migration decisions within the context of “Dual Carbon” policies. It aims to understand the factors influencing migration decision-making amidst the dynamics of urban and rural land occupation, particularly focusing on the role of hometown resource endowments led by homesteads. Using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this study analyzes the influence of hometown resource endowment, primarily residential land, on farmers’ migration decisions. Ownership of homesteads and contracted land significantly affects farmers’ settlement in cities, while the dividend effect from village collectives is negligible. Additionally, the administrative level of the hometown serves as a significant factor in migration decision-making, particularly in family migration. Homestead and contracted land ownership negatively impacts both household and individual migration decisions. Specifically, owning homesteads exerts a greater influence on whole family migration decisions, reducing the probability of settling in cities by 21.1%. Regional comparative analysis reveals varying effects of owning homesteads and contracted land. While it positively influences household migration to cities in the eastern region, it inhibits migration in the central and western regions. The findings highlight the complex interplay between hometown resource endowment, land use patterns, and rural-urban migration decisions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for designing effective policies to address migration challenges in the context of environmental and socioeconomic transitions

NAD+ protects against EAE by regulating CD4+ T-cell differentiation

CD4+ T cells are involved in the development of autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we show that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) blocks experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, by inducing immune homeostasis through CD4+IFNγ+IL-10+ T cells and reverses disease progression by restoring tissue integrity via remyelination and neuroregeneration. We show that NAD+ regulates CD4+ T-cell differentiation through tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (Tph1), independently of well-established transcription factors. In the presence of NAD+, the frequency of T-bet−/− CD4+IFNγ+ T cells was twofold higher than wild-type CD4+ T cells cultured in conventional T helper 1 polarizing conditions. Our findings unravel a new pathway orchestrating CD4+ T-cell differentiation and demonstrate that NAD+ may serve as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune and other diseases

Impact of Saccharomyces boulardii on jaundice in premature infants undergoing phototherapy

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on jaundice in premature infants undergoing phototherapy. Methods: In this article, the authors reviewed 100 hospitalized jaundiced premature infants under 35 weeks of gestational age. All infants were assigned to a control group (n = 45) and a treatment group (n = 55) randomly. The infants in the treatment group received S. boulardii supplementation by undergoing phototherapy and the infants in the control group were only treated by phototherapy. The total serum bilirubin levels were detected before and at the end of phototherapy, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels were measured on the 1st, 4th, 8th and 15th day of treatment. The duration of jaundice resolution and phototherapy, stool frequency, and characteristics were compared after phototherapy. Results: The duration of jaundice resolution and phototherapy were shortened. Total serum bilirubin level was lower than the control group at the end of phototherapy (p 0.05). In addition, bowel movements including stool frequency and Bristol Stool Form Scale ratings of stools also improved after treatment. Conclusions: S. boulardii in combination with phototherapy is effective and safe in reducing bilirubin levels and duration of phototherapy, accelerating jaundice resolution in premature infants with jaundice. The procedure also provided an ideal therapeutic effect of diarrhea induced by phototherapy to promote compliance and maternal-infant bonding

A Decade Trend of Total Factor Productivity of Key State-Owned Forestry Enterprises in China

State-owned forestry enterprises are important elements of the forestry economy in China. The operational efficiency of such enterprises depends on technological progress and other input factors. Total factor productivity (TFP) is an important means to evaluate the efficiency of technical elements. The growth of production efficiency can be classified into efficiency variation and technical variation. The TFP of 135 key state-owned forestry enterprises in the northeast, southwest, and northwest regions of China in 2001–2011 was measured through Malmquist–data envelopment analysis. The technological progress of the state-owned forestry enterprises positively affected TFP variation, but technical efficiency only slightly increased and scale efficiency even negatively affected TFP variation. The average growth rate of TFP in the northwest region is higher than those in the northeast and southwest regions. The Western Development Program of China increasingly contributes to the economic development of western areas. The increasing investment of the government in science and technology accelerates the development of forestry economy in China

Neutrophil extracellular traps and pulmonary fibrosis: an update

Highlights 1. This review focuses on NETs formation and the role of NETs in PF and presents research progress. 2. We describe specific mechanisms by which NETs induce PF in fibroblasts while revealing the transduction mechanisms that remain to be investigated. 3. We explore the possible consequences of NETs action on lung epithelial cells, including NETs-induced lung epithelial damage and NETs-driven epithelial mesenchymal transition. 4. We introduce recent key findings about the role of NETs-mediated chronic inflammation in PF and the effect of autophagy-driven production of NETs in fibrosis

Synthesis and Catalytic Performances of a Novel Zn-MOF Catalyst Bearing Nickel Chelating Diimine Carboxylate Ligands for Ethylene Oligomerization

A novel Zn-MOF[Zn3(OH)2L2] was synthesized from dicarboxylate ligands with diimine groups (1,4-bis(4-CO2HC6H4)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene). The physicochemical properties of the material were characterized by a series of technologies including XRD, SEM, and ICP. In order to adapt to the ethylene oligomerization process, a catalyst [Zn3OH2L1Ni2] (denoted as Cat.A) possessing active Ni2+ centers was prepared by a postsynthetic treatment method using dichloride nickel as a nickel source in this work. For comparison, α-diimine ligands with/without dicarboxylic acid groups reacted with dichloride nickel to obtain homogenous Cat.B and Cat.C, respectively. The effects of reaction parameters, including n(Al)/n(Ni), temperature, and pressure on the oligomerization activities and oligomers distribution were investigated. The results demonstrated that all of catalysts used with diethylaluminum chloride were active for the ethylene oligomerization. Among them, Cat.A and Cat.B showed higher catalytic activities and higher selectivities to low-carbon α-olefins at atmospheric pressure. The Cat.A exhibited the optimal catalytic activity [6.7 × 105 g/(mol·Ni·h·atm)] for C4 (91.8%) under the conditions of Al/Ni = 1500, P = 1.0 atm, T = 20°C. In addition, Cat.A and Cat.B presented large amount of ethylene polymer, while Cat.C had a higher catalytic activity of ethylene oligomerization at high pressure

Heavy metal contamination in green space soils of Beijing, China

Urban green space soil heavy metal pollution seriously affected the lives of residents, and soil environmental quality data is important for urban planning and functional construction. In this study, the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr),copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in 148 soil samples collected from green spaces in Beijing City, China were measured. The mean concentrations were 7.60, 0.29, 50.32, 31.61, 1.53, 23.89, 29.68, and 76.53 mg/kg, respectively. With the exception of Ni, the concentrations of the seven other heavy metals were greater than their background values. Additionally, the concentration of Hg was 3.06 times greater than the Grade 2 value (0.5 mg/kg) of Environmental quality standard for soils in China (GB 15618-1995), also exceeded the limit value (1–1.5 mg/kg) for Hg in soil of European Union (86/278/EEC). Soil pollution assessment was carried out using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the $I_{{\rm geo}}$ value of Cd and Hg were 0.70 and 4.11, respectively. It suggested that, the green space soil of Beijing was slightly polluted by Cd and seriously polluted by Hg, which posed great harm to public health. A positive correlation exists between Cu and Hg, Pb, and Zn, as well as between Hg and Pb, suggesting the metals in the green space soils originated from similar sources. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), were adopted to identify heavy metal sources. The results suggest that the sources of heavy metals in Beijing green space soils differ. Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn derived from vehicular transport; Cd and Cr originated from industrial activities and phosphate fertilisers; As and Ni mainly contributed by parent materials. The spatial distribution characteristics of the eight heavy metals varied greatly, and the presence of these metals was strongly associated with anthropogenic activities

Associations among resilience, hope, social support, stress, and anxiety severity in Chinese women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results

This study was to explore the resilience level and its potential correlates and further to evaluate the influence of these resilience-centred variables on anxiety severity among Chinese women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results. One hundred and seventy-five subjects completed self-administered questionnaires to collect relevant variables. The level of resilience of our sample is moderate (70.57 ± 12.14). The data identified hope (β = 0.218), social support (β = 0.247) and perceived stress (β = -0.320) as independent associates for resilience. Finally, among variables, only perceived stress is found to have a direct and positive influence on anxiety severity. Interventions on these variables can be effective for resilience promotion in this population. In addition, anxiety should be preferentially intervened in through the alleviation of perceived stress