PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE (PFOS) AND PERFLUOROOCTANOATE (PFOA) CONTAMINATION OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN ASIAN COUNTRIES

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

MONTHLY INCOME OF FAMILY, EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, KNOWLEDGE, AND EATING BEHAVIORS AMONG PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN SIDOARJO

ABSTRACT Background: Many factors can influence the choice of food and diet of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including personal dimensions (socioeconomic, educational level, and knowledge), behavioral pattern, and environmental characteristics (Savoca and Miller, 2001). Purpose: This study aimed to describe and examine the relationship between monthly income of family, educational level, knowledge, and eating behaviors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sidoarjo. Methods: The design of this study used a cross-sectional method to measure the relationship of several variables. The population in this study were all diabetics in the working area of the Sidoarjo Community Health Center. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The total of samples in this study were 117 respondents with inclusion criteria, among others aged 20-60 years, can read, and want to participate in this study. Data collection using demographic data questionnaire (DDQ) for monthly income of family and educational level, eating behavior is measured by self-management dietary behaviors questionnaire (SMDBQ), and knowledge is measured by diabetes knowledge questionnaire (DKQ). The data of this study was analyzed using Pearson Correlation with significance α ≤ .05. Results: Based on the results, it found that educational level, monthly income of family, and knowledge had positive relationship with eating behaviors (r = .60, p < .001; r = .61, p < .001; r = .33, p < .001, respectively). Educational level and monthly income of family had positive relationship with knowledge (r = 21, p < .05; r = .31, p < .001, respectively). And also, educational level had positive relationship with monthly income of family (r = .63, p < .001). Discussion: With the results of this study, health workers are expected to create programs to improve eating behavior in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus that are adjusted to the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Eating behaviors, monthly income of family, educational level, knowledge, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Factors Influencing Eating Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Sidoarjo Sub-district, East Java, Indonesia

Objectives: To describe and examine predictive factors toward eating behaviors among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods:A simple random sampling was conducted to recruit 117 diabetes patients from Sidoarjo sub-district. Data were collected from January to February, 2015. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results:Type 2 diabetes patients’ eating behaviors, monthly income of family, self-efficacy, psychological stress, and family support were in moderate levels (means with standard deviations of 75.44 10.58, 1,746,846.15 521,828.66, 60.88 6.30, 42.59 5.77, and 55.38 13.83, respectively), while educational level and knowledge were in high level (12.43 2.45 and 12.08 2.29, respectively), and healthcare worker communication was in sufficient level (33.42 5.34). Self-efficacy (β= 0.36, P< .001), family support (β= 0.31, P< .001), monthly income of family (β = 0.24, P< 0.001), and psychological stress (β= -0.18, P< 0.01) were significant predictors ofeating behaviors and accounted for 66.5% in the variance of eating behaviors (R² = 0.665, F(4,112) = 55.63, P< 0.001). Educational level, knowledge, and healthcare worker communication were not significant predictors of eating behaviors. Conclusion:Self-efficacy, family support, family monthly income, and psychological stress predicted eating behaviors. Program aiming at increasing self-efficacy, motivating family support, decreasing psychological stress and also providing information related to food consumption behavior in everyday life to suit the income of the family should be developed. Keywords: Eating behaviors, self-efficacy, family support, psychological stress, type 2 diabetes patients

Amplicon-Based Next Generation Sequencing for Rapid Identification of Rickettsia and Ectoparasite Species from Entomological Surveillance in Thailand

Background: Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been used for a wide range of epidemiological and surveillance studies. Here, we used amplicon-based NGS to species identify Rickettsia and their arthropod hosts from entomological surveillance. Methods: During 2015–2016, we screened 1825 samples of rodents and ectoparasites collected from rodents and domestic mammals (dog, cat, and cattle) across Thailand for Rickettsia. The citrate synthase gene was amplified to identify Rickettsia to species, while the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) and subunit II (COII) genes were used as target genes for ectoparasite identification. All target gene amplicons were pooled for library preparation and sequenced with Illumina MiSeq platform. Result: The highest percentage of Rickettsia DNA was observed in fleas collected from domestic animals (56%) predominantly dogs. Only a few samples of ticks from domestic animals, rodent fleas, and rodent tissue were positive for Rickettisia DNA. NGS based characterization of Rickettsia by host identified Rickettsia asembonensis as the most common bacteria in positive fleas collected from dogs (83.2%) while “Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis” was detected in only 16.8% of Rickettsia positive dog fleas. Sequence analysis of COI and COII revealed that almost all fleas collected from dogs were Ctenocephalides felis orientis. Other Rickettsia species were detected by NGS including Rickettsia heilongjiangensis from two Haemaphysalis hystricis ticks, and Rickettsia typhi in two rodent tissue samples. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of NGS for high-throughput sequencing in the species characterization/identification of bacteria and ectoparasite for entomological surveillance of rickettsiae. A high percentage of C. f. orientis are positive for R. asembonensis. In addition, our findings indicate there is a risk of tick-borne Spotted Fever Group rickettsiosis, and flea-borne murine typhus transmission in Tak and Phangnga provinces of Thailand

Dependence of ITER Per for mance on Pedestal Temper atur e, Aver age Electr on Density, Auxiliar y Heating Power , and Impur ity Content

Abstr act Self-consistent modeling of ITER has been carried out using the 1.5D BALDUR integrated predictive modeling code. In these simulations, a core transport model is described by a combination of an anomalous transport and a neoclassical transport. An anomalous transport is calculated using the Multimode (MMM95) core transport model, while a neoclassical transport is computed using the NCLASS model. At the reference design point, it is found that ITER fusion power production improves with the increase of pedestal temperature, average electron density, and auxiliary heating power. However, the power production reduces with the increase of impurity content. For the variation of the density and auxiliary heating power, the fusion Q increases linearly with both parameters. It is also found that the sawtooth mixing radius tends to decreases with increasing of pedestal temperature, average electron density and auxiliary heating power; however, it increases with impurity content. In addition, the sawtooth frequency tends to increase with the increase of heating power; but decrease with pedestal temperature. Intr oduction The concept of magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) has long been explored to address the feasibility of nuclear fusion energy. The ITER project [1] is an international collaboration to investigate the scientific and technological feasibility of MCF. Producing fusion reactions which satisfy such a condition inside a tokamak requires our ability to both heat and contain high-temperature plasmas. Comprehensive computer simulations are needed to optimize to plasma conditions before actual experiments are carried on. In this study, the BALDUR integrated predictive modelling code [2] is used to carry out simulations of plasmas with the standard H-mode (high confinement) scenario, as it is the 35th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. Hersonissos, 9 -13 June 2008 ECA Vol.32D, P-4.040 (2008 &lt; Results and Discussions The BALDUR integrated predictive transport modeling code is used to carry out the until the pedestal temperature of 8 keV. This trend of nuclear fusion performance can be explained by the behavior of central temperature and density, which tend to decrease when the pedestal temperature is more than 8 keV. It can be also seen than the performance increase linearly with average electron density. However, the performance decreases when the auxiliary heating power or impurity content increases. The effect of pedestal temperature, average electron density, auxiliary heating power, and impurity content (Z eff ) variations on sawtooth oscillation is also investigated. Note that in all simulations, the sawtooth oscillation is considered after 15 sec until 597 sec. The sawtooth frequency and sawtooth mixing radius are averaged during last 30 sec of each simulation. It is found that the sawtooth frequency ranges from 0.2 Hz to 0.5 Hz and the sawtooth mixing radius ranges from 0.8 m to 1.1 m. The sawtooth mixing radius tends to decreases with increasing of pedestal temperature, average electron density and auxiliary heating power; however, it increases with impurity content. In addition, the sawtooth frequency tends to increase with the increase of heating power; but decrease with pedestal temperature. Conclusions Self-consistent modeling of ITER has been carried out using BALDUR integrated code. At the reference design point, it is found that ITER fusion power production improves with the increase of pedestal temperature, average electron density, and auxiliary heating power. However, the power production reduces with the increase of impurity content. For the variation of the density and auxiliary heating power, the fusion Q increases linearly with both parameters. It is also found that the sawtooth mixing radius tends to decrease with increasing pedestal temperature, average electron density and auxiliary heating power; however, it increases with impurity content. In addition, the sawtooth frequency tends to increase with the increase of heating power; but decrease with pedestal temperature