Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Bidan Dalam Merawat Ibu Hamil Dan Ibu Nifas, Menolong Persalinan, Merawat Bayi Baru Lahir Dan Membina Dukun Bayi

Latar belakang : Kematian Ibu Melahirkan di Indonesia masih tinggi. Hasil Survai Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 menunjukkan angka kematian Ibu Melahirkan sebesar 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup . Jawa Barat merupakan provinsi yang memiliki angka kematian Ibu dan bayi yang tinggi. Kabupaten Bogor menduduki peringkat lima tertinggi dari 27 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tingginya angka kematian Ibu melahirkan dan bayi sangat berkaitan dengan Kinerja Bidan sebagai tenaga yang memberi pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pengalaman kerja terhadap kinerja bidan. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah survai dengan jumlah sampel 70 orang Bidan desa, diambil secara total sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan tempat penelitian Kabupaten Bogor. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara. Hasil : Penelitian menunjukan sebagian besar (30%) pengalaman kerja bidan masih dalam katagori cukup., meskipun dengan responden yang masuk katagori cukup selisihnya hanya 1,43%. Kinerja bidan sebagian besar (48,57) termasuk katagori cukup dan yang masuk katagori tinggi sebesar 41,3%. Pengalaman kerja memberi pengaruh terhadap kinerja bidan di desa dengan koefisien determinasi = 0,133. Kesimpulan : Pengalaman kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja bidan di desa.

Lateral inhibition and concentration-invariant odor perception

Sensory identity usually remains constant across a large intensity range. Vertebrates use lateral inhibition to match the sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells to the intensity of light. A new study published in Journal of Biology suggests that lateral inhibition in the Drosophila antennal lobe is similarly required for concentration-invariant perception of odors

Gene Therapy Applications to Cancer Treatment

Over the past ten years significant advances have been made in the fields of gene therapy and tumour immunology, such that there now exists a considerable body of evidence validating the proof in the principle of gene therapy based cancer vaccines. While clinical benefit has so far been marginal, data from preclinical and early clinical trials of gene therapy combined with standard therapies are strongly suggestive of additional benefit. Many reasons have been proposed to explain the paucity of clinical responses to single agent vaccination strategies including the poor antigenicity of tumour cells and the development of tolerance through down-regulation of MHC, costimulatory, signal transduction, and other molecules essential for the generation of strong immune responses. In addition, there is now evidence from animal models that the growing tumour may actively inhibit the host immune response. Removal of the primary tumour prior to T cell transfer from the spleen of cancer bearing animals, led to effective tumour cell line specific immunity in the recipient mouse suggesting that there is an ongoing tumour-host interaction. This model also illustrates the potential difficulties of clinical vaccine trials in patients with advanced stage disease

Pharmacologic inhibition of reactive gliosis blocks TNF-α-mediated neuronal apoptosis.

Reactive gliosis is an early pathological feature common to most neurodegenerative diseases, yet its regulation and impact remain poorly understood. Normally astrocytes maintain a critical homeostatic balance. After stress or injury they undergo rapid parainflammatory activation, characterized by hypertrophy, and increased polymerization of type III intermediate filaments (IFs), particularly glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. However, the consequences of IF dynamics in the adult CNS remains unclear, and no pharmacologic tools have been available to target this mechanism in vivo. The mammalian retina is an accessible model to study the regulation of astrocyte stress responses, and their influence on retinal neuronal homeostasis. In particular, our work and others have implicated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling as a key regulator of glutamate recycling, antioxidant activity and cytokine secretion by astrocytes and related Müller glia, with potent influences on neighboring neurons. Here we report experiments with the small molecule inhibitor, withaferin A (WFA), to specifically block type III IF dynamics in vivo. WFA was administered in a model of metabolic retinal injury induced by kainic acid, and in combination with a recent model of debridement-induced astrocyte reactivity. We show that WFA specifically targets IFs and reduces astrocyte and Müller glial reactivity in vivo. Inhibition of glial IF polymerization blocked p38 MAPK-dependent secretion of TNF-α, resulting in markedly reduced neuronal apoptosis. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of IF dynamics in reactive glia protects neurons in vivo

Efek Infusa Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex SP.

Insidence of filariasis in Indonesia is still increasing and this disease may cause many disabilities. In order to decrease the incidence rate, we can interfere with the life cycle of Culex, the filariasis vector, by using  larvicides.    Most  larvicides  sold  in  the  market  contain  chemical  substances,  such  as  temephos. Therefore, it is necessary to find out more friendly natural larvicides, which are effective but safe; one of them is Papaya Leaves Infusion (PLI). The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of PLI as a larvicide  of  Culex  sp.  and  compare  it  with  temephos  powder.  This  research  is  a  real  comparative experimental laboratory study using complete randomized design. 720 Culex’ larvae were divided into 6 treatment  groups,  each  group  was  given  Papaya’s  Leaves  Infusion  1%,  1.5%,  2%,  2.5%,  aquadest (negative  control),  and  temephos  1%  (positive  control).  The  observed  data  were  the  numbers  of  killed larvae within 24 hours. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA which was continued by  Tukey HSD ( = 0,05). The result showed that PLI 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% had very significantly different effects compared to the negative control (p=0.000), but there was no significantly different effect between PLI 2 % and temephos 1%. It is concluded that PLI  2% has a larvicide effect as strong as temephos does. &nbsp

Peranan Program Model Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (M-krpl) terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Rumah Tangga di Kabupaten Siak

The Sustainable Food House Area Model Program is a government's program to fulfill the household nutrition and increase income by taking advantage from yard as farming area. This research aim to know the rate of increment household groups income before and after the program held, know the contribution M-KRPL program towards household groups income and know the problems that faced by farmer. Random sampling methode was the sampling technique that was used in this research which in accordance to the number of respondens were 42 samples in Siak Regency. Data were analyzed using farm income analysis, contribution analysis and t-test analysis. Based on the result, income before and after the program has been able to increase revenue and provide benefits to the group in Siak. The results of t-test showed that there was significance among groups activities to strive for M-KRPL program toward household income. Natural factors, techniques to overcome pests and disease, technology and capital were be problem that farmer faced

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial USAha Perkebunan Karet Program Eks Upp Tcsdp di Desa Bina Baru Kecamatan Kampar Kiri Tengah Kabupaten Kampar

The purpose of this research is to analyze the financial feasibility of rubber plantation Ex UPP TCSDP at Bina Baru Village Kampar Kiri Tengah District Kampar Regency. Bina Baru Village obtain assist Ex UPP TCSDP from Plantantion Office of Riau for 258Ha rubbers plant, 1 Ha of rubber is given to one farmer. The instruments of this research are; analyzing the NPV, Net B/C and IRR and also sensitivity analysis. The used of data is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is price data were obtained from farmers and secondary data is physics data obtained from related agencies. The result shower that analyzing NPV is Rp.63.691.097,62, Net B/C is 2,62 and IRR is 25%. The farmer income in one year is Rp.2.547.643,90. Analyzing of sensitivity of the changes of the production around 25%which slope NPV is 53,83%. The changes of the input around 15% which slope NPV is 17,30%. The changes of the output around 41% which slope NPV is 88,28%. These proofed the rubber plan is still able to do if there is the changes of price and three aspects, because the NPV value still give positive value and Net B/C value >1 and also IRR bigger than discount factor 12%

Analisis Kinerja Sosial dan Keuangan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Puap di Desa Pandau Jaya Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar

Gapoktan Tani Jaya that located in the Pandau Jaya Village of Kampar District is one of the beneficiaries of Rural Agribusiness Development ( PUAP ) which has been running for 5 years . Until now , there has been no discourse to improve PUAP institutions into MFI - A. An MFI - A should have social performance in its outreach and financial performance with good level financial position (Arsyad, 2008). Based on the explanation , aim of this research are: to analyze the social performance, analyzing the financial performance of institutions and policy implications the results of the analysis of social performance and financial performance of the institution. The data used are secondary data derived from the financial statements and progress reports of institution membership in 2009 until 2012 and the primary data is interviews to PPL and agency managers. Outreach of institutional customers is fluctuated because there are non-active members at a later stage. Staff outreach is considered good because it can meet all the needs of members. Loan outreach also fluctuate because there are non-active members and the existence of arrears in 2011 and 2012. Savings range is considered good because a lot of members who do voluntary savings each year. Sales of fertilizer also has a positive effect on the development of the institution's revenues. Liquidity and solvency ratio has decreased every year but the value of the ratio is still in a liquid state and solvable. Profitability and activity ratio is considered good although profits are quite small but positive effect on institutions and organizations are also able to streamline the activities of financial resources. The policy implications of the institutions should increase the number of active borrowers and reduce operational costs , and increase profits from the activity of the institution

Analisis Pendapatan Petani Karet Pola Swadaya di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan

Pattern swadaya farmer's is development rubber plantation by society conducted of farmer self supporting is not intervention government. The purpose of this research is to analyze the income of rubber farmers swadaya pattern and eficiency farming of rubber farmers swadaya in pangkalan kuras sub-district pelalawan regency with consideration that basis most living of resident is rubber farmer cleanse sub-district. The research for 5 monts, started on February until August 2015. The analysis used is income analysis, return cost ratio (RCR) analyse. The result of research showed that net income rubber farmer swadaya pattern is Rp14.959.837,55 with the total cost swadaya farmers is Rp14.323.227,56 by ha/year and the total revenue swadaya farmers is Rp29.283.065,11 ha/year. The average value RCR of rubber farmers swadaya pattern is 1,59 its mean the value that are profitable with value RCR>1