ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NEPETA HINDOSTANA HERB IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

Objective: The present work was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into different groups and glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg), and Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) treatments were given orally, for 28 d. Change in body weight, glucose level, lipid profile, total cholesterol, and triglyceride level in tissue homogenates, total hemoglobin, and HbA1C and pancreas microscopy of different groups were evaluated.Results: Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract 200 and 400 mg/kg dose group have a significant change in weight as compared to diabetic control. All the extract treated groups showed a significant reduction in glucose level on 14th and 28th day as compared to diabetic control. The level of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly reduced, and HDL level significantly increased in 400 mg/kg groups after 28 d treatment. However, a significant increase in Hb concentration was observed in diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg, when compared to diabetic control. The microscopy of the pancreas showed both glibenclamide and 400 mg/kg extract does appear to regulate diabetes at the cellular level resulting in restoration of near normal architecture pancreatic islets of langerhans and hepatocytes.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Nepeta hindostana methanolic extract exhibit significant antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Keywords: Nepeta hindostana, Streptozotocin, Antidiabeti

Effect of grain processing on nutritional and physico-chemical, functional and pasting properties of amaranth and quinoa flours

500-507Amaranth and quinoa are the ancient crops known for their excellent nutritional profile. Impact of different processing treatments including cooking, germination and roasting of grains on their flour properties was investigated in present study. Flours of raw and treated grains were analyzed for their physicochemical, functional, pasting and anti-nutritional factors. Results revealed that amaranth and quinoa flours are good source of protein and minerals. Mineral content reduced while water and oil absorption capacities of flours increased following the grain treatments. Processing of grains resulted in reduction of saponin and tannin content of grains of both the crops that improved the overall eatable quality of flours. Raw amaranth flour was whiter in color exhibiting higher values of L* and lower values of b* than quinoa flour. Germination caused significant increase in protein and decrease in fat content of flours of amaranth and quinoa. RVA curves showed that peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity of amaranth and quinoa flours were higher than the raw quinoa flour. Peak viscosity and trough viscosity of amaranth and quinoa flours decreased after processing of grains

Effect of grain processing on nutritional and physico-chemical, functional and pasting properties of amaranth and quinoa flours

Amaranth and quinoa are the ancient crops known for their excellent nutritional profile. Impact of different processing treatments including cooking, germination and roasting of grains on their flour properties was investigated in present study. Flours of raw and treated grains were analyzed for their physicochemical, functional, pasting and anti-nutritional factors. Results revealed that amaranth and quinoa flours are good source of protein and minerals. Mineral content reduced while water and oil absorption capacities of flours increased following the grain treatments. Processing of grains resulted in reduction of saponin and tannin content of grains of both the crops that improved the overall eatable quality of flours. Raw amaranth flour was whiter in color exhibiting higher values of L* and lower values of b* than quinoa flour. Germination caused significant increase in protein and decrease in fat content of flours of amaranth and quinoa. RVA curves showed that peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity of amaranth and quinoa flours were higher than the raw quinoa flour. Peak viscosity and trough viscosity of amaranth and quinoa flours decreased after processing of grains

Reliability improvement and loss reduction in radial distribution system with network reconfiguration algorithms using loss sensitivity factor

Studies on load flow in electrical distribution system have always been an area of interest for research from the previous few years. Various approaches and techniques are brought into light for load flow studies within the system and simulation tools are being used to work out on varied characteristics of system. This study concentrates on these approaches and the improvements made to the already existing techniques considering time and the algorithms complexity. Also, the paper explains the network reconfiguration (NR) techniques considered in reconfiguring radial distribution network (RDN) to reduce power losses in distribution system and delivers an approach to how various network reconfiguration techniques support loss reduction and improvement of reliability in the electrical distribution network

Neuroprotective effects of arbutin against oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rat cortical neurons

In this study, the neuroprotective potential of arbutin (100 µmol L–1) pre-treatment and post-treatment against oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (R) induced ischemic injury in cultured rat cortical neurons was explored. The OGD (60 min) and reoxygenation (24 h) treatment significantly (p < 0.001) compromised the antioxidant defence in cultured neurons. Subsequently, an increase (p < 0.001) in lipid peroxidation and inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor kappa-B) declined neuron survival. In pre- and post-condition experiments, treatment with arbutin enhanced both survival (p < 0.01) and integrity (p < 0.05) of cultured neurons. Results showed that arbutin protects (p < 0.05) against peroxidative changes, inflammation, and enhanced the antioxidant activity (e.g., glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase) in cultured neurons subjected to OGD/R. It can be inferred that arbutin could protect against ischemic injuries and stroke. The anti-ischemic activity of arbutin can arrest post-stroke damage to the brain

Multiple Slot Fractal Structured Antenna for Wi-Fi and Radio Altimeter for uncertain Applications

A multiple slot fractal antenna design has been determined communication efficiency and its multi-function activities.&nbsp; High-speed small communication devices have been required for future smart chip applications, so that researchers have been employed new and creative antenna design. Antennas are key part in communication systems, those are used to improve communication parameters like gain, efficiency, and bandwidth. Consistently, modern antennas design with high bandwidth and gain balancing is very difficult, therefore an adaptive antenna array chip design is required. In this research work a coaxial fed antenna with fractal geometry design has been implemented for Wi-Fi and Radio altimeter application. The fractal geometry has been taken with multiple numbers of slots in the radiating structure for uncertain applications. The coaxial feeding location has been selected based on the good impedance matching condition (50 Ohms). The overall dimension mentioned for antenna are approximately 50X50X1.6 mm on FR4 substrate and performance characteristic analysis is performed with change in substrate material presented in this work. Dual-band resonant frequency is being emitted by the antenna with resonance at 3.1 and 4.3 GHz for FR4 substrate material and change in the resonant bands is obtained with change in substrate. The proposed Antenna is prototyped on Anritsu VNA tool and presented the comparative analysis like VSWR 12%, reflection coefficient 9.4%,3D-Gain 6.2% and surface current 9.3% had been improved

Acute kidney injury in obstetrics: a five-year study in a tertiary centre

Background: Pregnancy Related Acute Kidney Injury (PRAKI) is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The incidence has declined due to improvements in reproductive health but it is still associated with significant perinatal mortality and maternal morbidity. It may be due to decrease in renal perfusion or ischemic tubular necrosis from a variety of conditions encountered during pregnancy. Our study aims at determining the predisposing factors and causes of AKI during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and foetal outcome.Methods: A retrospective cohort study over a period of 5 years was conducted on pregnant women with AKI as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The detailed history, events, mode of delivery, cause leading to AKI, management, hospital stay, maternal and foetal outcome were studied in detail and evaluated. These patients were classified according to RIFLE criteria and were followed up for hospital stay and residual morbidities.Results: The incidence of PRAKI in the study was 0.07% (36 out of 50,735 deliveries) and among obstetric ICU patients, it was 6.8%. Most of the majority of the cases were unbooked (66.7%) and multipara (61.1%). Maternal morbidity was seen in 66.7% and mortality was 27.8%. Poor foetal outcome was seen in 44.4%.Conclusions: Haemorrhage is the most common cause of PRAKI, followed by toxaemia of pregnancy and sepsis. Early detection and meticulous management of haemorrhage, hypertension and sepsis reduce the incidence of PRAKI and associated maternal mortality

Application of diacetoxyiodobenzene in the desulfurization of arylthioureas

In the present study, the utility of the hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, diacetoxyiodobenzene is extended for the efficient synthesis of variously substituted aryl cyanamides. The reaction presents efficient conversion of thioureas to cyanamides under the conditions of ambient temperature while stirring. This organoiodine(III) mediated method features easy isolation of the products and represents an excellent example illustrating thiophilic property of diacetoxyiodobenzene in the desulfurization of thioureas

Risk Factors of Drug Resistance among Tuberculosis Patients of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Introduction: India is leading in the burden of Tuberculosis (TB) according to the new report of the World Health Organisation (WHO) on the disease. Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases have been increasing in India. About half of the world’s MDR-TB cases are present in India. Aim: To assess the incidence of drug resistant TB in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India, in the second quarter of the year 2019 and to determine the risk factors that are responsible to develop drug resistance to anti-tubercular drugs in the study population. Materials and Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1st to June 30th in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. All the registered drug resistant TB cases in Prakasam district who gave consent during the study period were taken as sample. The diagnosed drug resistant TB patients were interviewed and proportions of different variables were calculated and chi-square test was used to test significance of results. Results: Out of 209 TB patients, 88 patients were having drug resistant TB in Prakasam district. Prevalence of Drug resistant TB in Prakasam district was calculated as 5.64 per one lac population. In the second quarter of the year 2019-2020, i.e., from April 1st to June 30th, 88 new cases were identified. Incidence of Drug resistant TB in Prakasam district was calculated as 2.38 per one lac population. Male persons (76%), having the age 20-40 years (42%), 40-60 (38.7%) belonging to middle class (45.5%) and migrating for work (85%) are at more risk of developing drug resistant TB. Most of the patients are developing drug resistant TB directly (70.5%) which is an alarming signal. The rifampicin resistant patients were also developing psychological complications (22). Drug toxicity was observed in 55% of the cases. Conclusion: Incidence of drug resistant TB was more in male persons, above 20 years of age, belonging to middle class socio-economic status and migrating for work. Most of the patients developed drug resistant TB directly without previous history of TB. Drug toxicity was observed in half of the cases. Psychological complications were observed in rifampicin resistant patients. Surveillance activity should be addressed properly to combat the risk factors

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Litsea glutinosa L. Leaves and Stem Extracts and their Antibacterial Efficacy

The present study explores the green approach for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the reduction of silver nitrate by the cell-free stem and leaf aqueous extracts of Litsea glutinosa (L.glutinosa) and its potential antibacterial activity. The analytical instruments include scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of smaller, uniformly spherical AgNPs (10-40 nm). The average crystalline size of prepared AgNPs produced by L. glutinosa leaf extract was found to be 19 mm. From UV-visible spectral analysis, the maximum absorbance peak appeared at 444 nm for leaf extract AgNPs different from stem extract AgNPs (422 nm), which are found to be specific for AgNPs. The L.glutinosa stem extract-assisted AgNPs have shown significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) in comparison to Gentamycin. Hence, the AgNPs obtained by green synthesis can be therapeutically explored against bacterial infections