Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in pig tissues using SYBR green qPCR-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in pig tissues using SYBR green qPCR"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2199/8/67</p><p>BMC Molecular Biology 2007;8():67-67.</p><p>Published online 15 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000887.</p><p></p>e geNorm program. Threshold for eliminating a gene as unstable was M ≥ 1.5. The respective genes and gene names are: beta-actin (), beta-2-microglobulin (), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (), hydroxymethylbilane synthase (), ribosomal protein L4 (), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (), TATA box binding protein () and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide ()

Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in pig tissues using SYBR green qPCR-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in pig tissues using SYBR green qPCR"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2199/8/67</p><p>BMC Molecular Biology 2007;8():67-67.</p><p>Published online 15 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000887.</p><p></p>west expressed gene and B2M was the highest expressed gene. The respective genes and gene names are: beta-actin (), beta-2-microglobulin (), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (), hydroxymethylbilane synthase (), ribosomal protein L4 (), succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (), TATA box binding protein () and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide ()

EST analysis on pig mitochondria reveal novel expression differences between developmental and adult tissues-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "EST analysis on pig mitochondria reveal novel expression differences between developmental and adult tissues"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/367</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():367-367.</p><p>Published online 11 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2194790.</p><p></p> their developmental stage are marked by colored bullets

Joint Profiling of miRNAs and mRNAs Reveals miRNA Mediated Gene Regulation in the Göttingen Minipig Obesity Model

<div><p>Obesity and its comorbidities are an increasing challenge for both affected individuals and health care systems, worldwide. In obese individuals, perturbation of expression of both protein-coding genes and microRNAs (miRNA) are seen in obesity-relevant tissues (i.e. adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle). miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules which have important regulatory roles in a wide range of biological processes, including obesity. Rodents are widely used animal models for human diseases including obesity. However, not all research is applicable for human health or diseases. In contrast, pigs are emerging as an excellent animal model for obesity studies, due to their similarities in their metabolism, their digestive tract and their genetics, when compared to humans. The Göttingen minipig is a small sized easy-to-handle pig breed which has been extensively used for modeling human obesity, due to its capacity to develop severe obesity when fed <i>ad libitum</i>. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed of protein-coding genes and miRNAs in a Göttingen minipig obesity model. Liver, skeletal muscle and abdominal adipose tissue were sampled from 7 lean and 7 obese minipigs. Differential gene expression was investigated using high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on 90 mRNAs and 72 miRNAs. The results revealed de-regulation of several obesity and inflammation-relevant protein-coding genes and miRNAs in all tissues examined. Many genes that are known to be de-regulated in obese humans were confirmed in the obese minipigs and several of these genes have target sites for miRNAs expressed in the opposing direction of the gene, confirming miRNA-mediated regulation in obesity. These results confirm the translational value of the pig for human obesity studies.</p></div

Characterization of a Small Auxin-Up RNA (SAUR)-Like Gene Involved in Arabidopsis thaliana Development

<div><p>The root of Arabidopsis thaliana is used as a model system to unravel the molecular nature of cell elongation and its arrest. From a micro-array performed on roots that were treated with aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, a Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR)-like gene was found to be up regulated. As it appeared as the 76th gene in the family, it was named SAUR76. Root and leaf growth of overexpression lines ectopically expressing SAUR76 indicated the possible involvement of the gene in the division process. Using promoter::GUS and GFP lines strong expression was seen in endodermal and pericycle cells at the end of the elongation zone and during several stages of lateral root primordia development. ACC and IAA/NAA were able to induce a strong up regulation of the gene and changed the expression towards cortical and even epidermal cells at the beginning of the elongation zone. Confirmation of this up regulation of expression was delivered using qPCR, which also indicated that the expression quickly returned to normal levels when the inducing IAA-stimulus was removed, a behaviour also seen in other SAUR genes. Furthermore, confocal analysis of protein-GFP fusions localized the protein in the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. SAUR76 expression was quantified in several mutants in ethylene and auxin-related pathways, which led to the conclusion that the expression of SAUR76 is mainly regulated by the increase in auxin that results from the addition of ACC, rather than by ACC itself.</p> </div

Expression of protein coding genes and miRNAs in skeletal muscle.

<p>Protein coding genes (A) and miRNA (B) with a fold change of > ±1.5 and significant differential expression with a p value < 0.05 (Student´s t test) are shown. The fold change (Obese/Lean) for each significant gene is shown. A positive fold change denotes upregulation in obese Göttingen minipigs and a negative denotes downregulation in obese Göttingen minipigs.</p

Expression of protein coding genes and miRNAs in liver.

<p>A) Protein-coding genes and (B) miRNAs with a fold change of > ±1.5 and significant differential expression with a p value < 0.05 (Student´s t test) are shown. The fold change (Obese/Lean) for each significant gene is shown. A positive fold change denotes upregulation in obese Göttingen minipigs and a negative fold change denotes downregulation in obese Göttingen minipigs.</p

Expression of protein coding genes and miRNAs in adipose tissue.

<p>(A) Protein-coding genes and (B) miRNAs with a fold change of > ±1.5 and significant differential expression with a p value < 0.05 (Student´s t test) are shown. The fold change (Obese/Lean) for each significant gene is shown. A positive fold change denotes upregulation in obese Göttingen minipigs and a negative fold change denotes down regulation in obese Göttingen minipigs.</p

Effect of SAUR76-overexpression on leaf development.

<p><b>A</b>) Area of leaf series of the wild type and two independent overexpression lines. <b>B</b>) Leaf area of WT and 2 overexpressor lines. <b>C</b>) Cell area, <b>D</b>) number of cells and <b>E</b>) stomatatal index in leaf 4 of WT and 2 overexpressor lines. Asterisks represent statistical differences towards the wild type and results are presented as means ± SE.</p

miRNA-target interactions.

<p>miRNA-target interactions.</p