21 research outputs found

    SER MADRE HOY: ABORDAJE MULTIDISCIPLINAR DE LA MATERNIDAD DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO

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    Objective: To analyse the discourse of motherhood from a gender perspective; to apply a multidisciplinary approach to the theoretical considerations underpinning obstetric care today. To review historical and practical knowledge of childbirth and to analyse its impact on women-mothers in the 21st century. Method We carried out a historical analysis and review of various documentary sources - social sciences and humanities databases, specialist and non-specialist scientific literature, websites, blogs - to identify the socio-cultural setting of the experience of motherhood in our society. The study comprised interviews and the provision of multidisciplinary care (psychoanalysis, psychology, midwifery, anthropology) to pregnant women-mothers and future parents. Results: In addition to the physiological aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum, there is also an important symbolic construction of motherhood. The naturalistic discourse on the process of maternity care, which has become established in recent years both inside and outside the scientific community, is changing the classical concept of motherhood and highlighting new, valid forms of maternity which were inconceivable until only recently. This naturalistic discourse has become firmly established and therefore deserves special attention. Conclusions: So far, our conclusions (which are never definitive) suggest that motherhood is a dynamic practice in which mothers find a context and a history, and so it cannot be understood as a natural, timeless and universal fact. We reaffirm the need to think – and to help others to think – about "mothering" in a way that goes far beyond its merely biological aspect.Objetivo: Análisis del discurso de la maternidad desde una perspectiva de género; abordar, de forma multidisciplinar, los planteamientos teóricos sobre los que se sustentan las prácticas del proceso del nacimiento en la actualidad. Aportar  conocimientos históricos y prácticos y analizar  la repercusión que tienen los mismos en las mujeres-madres del siglo XXI. Material y método: Se ha realizado un análisis histórico y una revisión de diferentes fuentes documentales – bases de datos científicas en ciencias sociales y humanidades, literatura científica, divulgativa, webs, blogs...– para identificar el escenario socio-cultural en el que se sustenta y reproduce la vivencia de la maternidad en la sociedad actual. Entrevistas y asistencia multidisciplinar (psicoanálisis, psicología, obstetricia, antropología) a gestantes, mujeres–madres padres y futuros padres. Resultados: Es necesario transmitir que a los hechos fisiológicos que supone un embarazo, parto y postparto, se le suma una importante construcción simbólica sobre la maternidad. El discurso naturalista  de atención al proceso de la maternidad, arraigado en los últimos años, dentro y fuera del ámbito científico, está condicionando el concepto clásico de la maternidad y poniendo de relieve, nuevas formas válidas de maternidad que eran impensables hasta ahora. El reclamo naturalista ha arraigado con fuerza y, por tanto, merece una atención especial. Conclusiones: Hasta el momento, nuestras conclusiones –nunca definitivas– exponen que la maternidad es una práctica dinámica, donde las madres encuentran un contexto, una historia y, por lo tanto, no se puede entender como un hecho natural, atemporal e universal. Nos reafirmamos en que es necesario pensar –y hacer pensar– en «ser madre», mucho más allá de la biología

    El trabajo de las competencias educativas a través de la bicicleta todo terreno

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    El desarrollo de contenidos del bloque Actividades en el medio natural en el ámbito educativo está supeditado a una serie de limitaciones que están relacionadas, fundamentalmente, con las necesidades de instalaciones y materiales, y con el propio horario de práctica de la asignatura. Sin embargo, son prácticas muy ricas en valores educativos, tal y como se desprende de este trabajo, centrado en el diseño y la puesta en práctica de una unidad didáctica sobre bicicleta todo terren

    A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control

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    Reports of honey bee population decline has spurred many national efforts to understand the extent of the problem and to identify causative or associated factors. However, our collective understanding of the factors has been hampered by a lack of joined up trans-national effort. Moreover, the impacts of beekeeper knowledge and beekeeping management practices have often been overlooked, despite honey bees being a managed pollinator. Here, we established a standardised active monitoring network for 5 798 apiaries over two consecutive years to quantify honey bee colony mortality across 17 European countries. Our data demonstrate that overwinter losses ranged between 2% and 32%, and that high summer losses were likely to follow high winter losses. Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that hobbyist beekeepers with small apiaries and little experience in beekeeping had double the winter mortality rate when compared to professional beekeepers. Furthermore, honey bees kept by professional beekeepers never showed signs of disease, unlike apiaries from hobbyist beekeepers that had symptoms of bacterial infection and heavy Varroa infestation. Our data highlight beekeeper background and apicultural practices as major drivers of honey bee colony losses. The benefits of conducting trans-national monitoring schemes and improving beekeeper training are discussed

    Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

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    BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

    Close Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy Decreases Childhood Overweight/Obesity: A Prospective Study

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    The study of dietary patterns during pregnancy may be of great importance for determining the potential risk of obesity in childhood. We assessed the prospective association between maternal adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) during pregnancy and risk of childhood overweight/obesity at 4 years. This prospective analysis involved 272 mother–child pairs from the ECLIPSES study. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed using a validated 45-item food-frequency questionnaire and a relative whole-pregnancy MedDiet score (rMedDiet) was calculated. The children’s weight and height were measured at the age of 4. Primary outcome was childhood overweight/obesity based on age- and-sex-specific BMI z-score > 85th percentile using the WHO child growth standards. Mean maternal rMedDiet score in pregnancy was 9.8 (±standard deviation 2.3) and 25.7% of the children were overweight/obese. Significant differences in anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and BMI) were found according to sex, with higher scores for boys. After controlling for potential confounders, greater maternal adherence to rMedDiet during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of childhood overweight/obesity, highest vs. lowest quartile (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12–0.90; p-trend 0.037). Similar trends regarding this association (per 1-point increase rMedDiet score) were observed after stratification by advanced maternal age, maternal early pregnancy BMI, education, socioeconomic status, smoking, and gestational weight gain. Our findings suggest that closer adherence to the MedDiet during pregnancy may protect against the risk of offspring overweight/obesity at 4 years. Further research is needed to explore whether associations persist across the life course

    Tándem : didáctica de la educación física

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    Resumen tomado de la publicaciónMonográfico con el título Aprendizaje servicio en educación físicaTítulo, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglésEl desarrollo de contenidos del bloque Actividades en el medio natural en el ámbito educativo está supeditado a una serie de limitaciones que están relacionadas, fundamentalmente, con las necesidades de instalaciones y materiales, y con el propio horario de práctica de la asignatura. Sin embargo, son prácticas muy ricas en valores educativos, tal y como se desprende de este trabajo, centrado en el diseño y la puesta en práctica de una unidad didáctica sobre bicicleta todo terreno.Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

    Food Consumption during Pregnancy and Post-Partum. ECLIPSES Study

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    Inadequate maternal diet can adversely affect mother and child. Our aim was to assess adherence to the Spanish dietary guidelines and to the Mediterranean diet, to analyze changes in diet during pregnancy and post-partum, and to identify maternal factors associated with food consumption. A total of 793 healthy pregnant women were recruited during the first prenatal visit and followed until the post-partum period. Data from the clinical history, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle habits were collected. Food consumption was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. The results show that in pregnant women the consumption of healthy foods did not meet recommendations, whereas consumption of red and processed meat and sweet food exceeded recommendations. The results also show a medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet that remained unchanged throughout pregnancy. A significant decrease was observed in the consumption of fruits, followed by vegetables and then salted and sweet cereals from pregnancy to post-partum. A better adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been reported by pregnant women that are older, of higher social class, and higher education level, and who do not smoke nor drink (p < 0.005). In conclusion, the diet of pregnant women from Spain departs from recommendations, medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet was maintained throughout the pregnancy and post-partum, and a decreasing consumption of healthy food from the first trimester to the post-partum period was observed. Maternal factors such as age, social class, education, and smoking influence diet quality

    Taller de telares para alumnos con transtornos del espectro autista

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    El proyecto consiste en diseñar el taller de telares para los alumnos con trastorno de espectro autista del centro. Los objetivos son el desarrollo integral de los alumnos; preparación para la transición a la edad adulta para afrontar la vida laboral; adquisición de las habilidades necesarias para realizar un trabajo cooperativo; trabajar de manera funcional procesos y contenidos cognitivos y dar sentido a determinados comportamientos obsesivos característicos de muchas personas con autismo y evaluar la necesidad de los apoyos que se precisan para su inserción laboral. La metodología consiste en la enseñanza personalizada y el aprendizaje funcional, de modo que lo que se aprenda lo puedan aplicar a la vida diaria. Las actividades son visitas a distintos centros relacionados con telares; un curso de formación específica para el manejo de distintos tipos de telares; elaboración de distintos objetos de lanas y telas tejidas; organización de exposiciones con los objetos realizados y elaboración de un catálogo con las fotos de los objetos. La evaluación valora los conocimientos del alumno en cuanto a nombres, utilidades de materiales, herramientas y máquinas del taller, la elección adecuada de los materiales, el trabajo en equipo, medidas de precaución que adopta y comprensión de las instrucciones en la realización de un trabajo en concreto. Para ello se emplea la observación directa, registro de muestras representativas en video y análisis de información proporcionada por personas que intervienen en el proceso educativo y de los familiares del centro.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de EducaciónMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES

    Taller de Teatro para alumnos y alumnas con trastornos del espectro autista. La cadena de emociones

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    Los objetivos principales del proyecto son formar a los profesionales en las distintas técnicas de expresión dramática e introducir una nueva metodología de trabajo, teniendo en cuenta la motivación e intereses del alumno autista. Otros objetivos son responder a las necesidades y demandas educativas de los alumnos autistas; crear un nuevo entorno educativamente significativo; favorecer la cooperación con otros centros; favorecer nuevas formas de comunicación, verbal y no verbal, con el adulto y con sus iguales y mejorar las capacidades sensoperceptivas. La metodología se basa en un modelo de competencia que propone trabajar la conducta adaptativa a través de las habilidades conceptual, social y práctica. Se aplican los principios de funcionalidad, espontaneidad, generalización, individualización, aprendizaje significativo, motivación, estructuración, flexibilidad, integración y validez social. Una profesional del centro asiste a un curso de formación sobre expresión dramática impartido por el Ayuntamiento de Madrid para conocer su aplicación en el campo de la Educación Especial. La actividad principal es el teatro y el objetivo final es la puesta en escena de de la obra 'Mi día a día' y realizar una pequeña gira por otros centros de Educación Especial. Contiene anexos en los que se incluyen un cuento, fotografías, vídeos y justificación de gastos.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación. Dirección General de Ordenación AcadémicaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES
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