3,302 research outputs found
Comparaison de deux méthodes de dissémination de résultats de recherche dans le domaine de la santé : les arts et le café scientifique
Un nombre croissant de chercheurs du domaine de la santĂ© se tournent vers des formes novatrices de recherche alliant les mĂ©thodologies des sciences sociales et des arts performatifs, littĂ©raires et visuels. Cet article compare et analyse deux mĂ©thodes de dissĂ©mination de rĂ©sultats de recherche dans le domaine de la santĂ©Â : le cafĂ© scientifique et la performance artistique (arts visuels, chant, poĂ©sie, théâtre). L’analyse de questionnaires remplis par 78 rĂ©pondants et d’entrevues menĂ©es auprès de ces personnes indique que la performance artistique est plus efficace dans la communication de rĂ©sultats de recherche selon trois des quatre critères d’évaluation utilisĂ©s : elle suscite davantage d’émotions chez les membres de l’auditoire, suscite plus de questions sur le sujet couvert et influence un plus grand nombre de personnes Ă modifier leur point de vue et leurs pratiques. Tant le cafĂ© scientifique que la performance artistique aident les participants Ă comprendre la problĂ©matique exposĂ©e. Les arts permettent cependant une comprĂ©hension diffĂ©rente.A growing numbers of researchers in the health sector are opting for innovative research approaches that combine methodologies from the social sciences and the performing, literary and visual arts. This article compares and contrasts two methods for disseminating research findings related to health : science cafĂ©s and artistic performance (visual arts, song, poetry, theatre). An analysis of questionnaires and interviews completed by 78 respondents shows that artistic performance is more effective in communicating research results based on three of the four evaluation criteria used : it triggers more emotions among audience members, generates more questions on the topic concerned, and influences a greater number of people to alter their viewpoints and change their practices. Science cafĂ©s and artistic performance both help participants to better understand the issues examined. The arts, however, shine a different light on these issues.Un creciente nĂşmero de investigadores del área de la salud se dirige hacia formas de investigaciĂłn innovadoras, utilizando metodologĂas de las ciencias sociales y de las artes interpretativas, literarias y visuales. Ese artĂculo compara y contrasta dos mĂ©todos de diseminaciĂłn de los resultados de investigaciĂłn en el área de la salud : el cafĂ© cientĂfico y la interpretaciĂłn artĂstica (artes visuales, canto, poesĂa, teatro). El análisis de los cuestionarios y de las entrevistas realizadas por 78 individuos indica que la interpretaciĂłn artĂstica es más eficaz en la comunicaciĂłn de resultados de investigaciĂłn segĂşn tres de los cuatro criterios de evaluaciĂłn utilizados : aquella suscita más emociones en los miembros del auditorio, genera más cuestionamientos acerca del tema tratado e influye a un mayor nĂşmero de personas en cuanto a la modificaciĂłn de su punto de vista y sus prácticas. Tanto el cafĂ© cientĂfico como la interpretaciĂłn artĂstica ayudan a los participantes a comprender la problemática expuesta. Sin embargo, las artes permiten una comprensiĂłn diferente
The Textual-Visual Thematic Analysis: A Framework to Analyze the Conjunction and Interaction of Visual and Textual Data
Visual methods offer an innovative approach to qualitative research through their potential to prompt dialogue, enrich verbal and textual data, and enable participants to communicate about difficult topics. However, the use of visual methods requires that researchers rethink methodological aspects of data generation and analysis, especially when working with participant-generated images. Although there are now many analytical frameworks and guidebooks providing instructions on the analysis of textual and visual materials, detailed descriptions of how these elements are brought together are often missing from research reports, precluding novice and other researchers from understanding how findings were attained. Our aim in this article is to describe and illustrate the Textual-Visual Thematic Analysis (TVTA), a framework we developed to collaboratively analyze the conjunction and interaction of textual and visual data in a photo-elicitation study. Given that the ethical and methodological aspects are deeply entwined, we begin the article by contextualizing the data obtained from the photo-elicitation study and then consider confidentiality and approaches to valuing participants\u27 voices. Next, we share the TVTA framework, its procedural implementation, and insights derived from evolving our data analysis approach. We conclude by offering reflections on the limitations and possibilities for future research
Cholecystitis in Pregnancy
Biliary tract disease is a relatively uncommon, heterogenous disease in pregnancy. Specifically,
acute cholecystitis can be especially difficult to recognize in pregnancy. However, once diagnosed,
the initial management plan should be conservative and include antibiotic therapy. Subsequent
management depends on the gestational age at diagnosis. Surgical therapy, when indicated,
should not be delayed and a planned intervention during the second trimester appears to offer a
better outcome than surgery performed under emergent conditions
High-Temperature Transport Properties of the Zintl Phases Yb_(11)GaSb_9 and Yb_(11)InSb_9
Two rare-earth Zintl phases, Yb_(11)GaSb_9 and Yb_(11)InSb_9, were synthesized in high-temperature self-fluxes of molten Ga and In, respectively. Structures were characterized by both single-crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction and are consistent with the published orthorhombic structure, with the space group Iba2. High-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetry (TG) measurements reveal thermal stability to 1300 K. Seebeck coefficient and resistivity measurements to 1000 K are consistent with the hypothesis that Yb_(11)GaSb_9 and Yb_(11)InSb_9 are small band gap semiconductors or semimetals. Low doping levels lead to bipolar conduction at high temperature, preventing a detailed analysis of the transport properties. Thermal diffusivity measurements yield particularly low lattice thermal conductivity values, less than 0.6 W/m K for both compounds. The low lattice thermal conductivity suggests that Yb_(11)MSb_9 (M = Ga, In) has the potential for high thermoelectric efficiency at high temperature if charge-carrier doping can be controlled
Malaria in Pregnancy
This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical course, and diagnosis of malaria. The influence of infection during pregnancy upon maternal and neonatal anemia, stillbirth, preterm labor, low birth weight, and congenital malaria is discussed. Options for treatment and prophylaxis during pregnancy are presented
Site Characterization Using Integrated Imaging Analysis Methods on Satellite Data of the Islamabad, Pakistan, Region
We develop an integrated digital imaging analysis approach to produce a first-approximation site characterization map for Islamabad, Pakistan, based on remote-sensing data. We apply both pixel-based and object-oriented digital imaging analysis methods to characterize detailed (1:50,000) geomorphology and geology from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite imagery. We use stereo-correlated relative digital elevation models (rDEMs) derived from ASTER data, as well as spectra in the visible near-infrared (VNIR) to thermal infrared (TIR) domains. The resulting geomorphic units in the study area are classified as mountain (including the Margala Hills and the Khairi Murat Ridge), piedmont, and basin terrain units. The local geologic units are classified as limestone in the Margala Hills and the Khairi Murat Ridge and sandstone rock types for the piedmonts and basins. Shear-wave velocities for these units are assigned in ranges based on established correlations in California. These ranges include Vs30-values to be greater than 500 m/sec for mountain units, 200–600 m/sec for piedmont units, and less than 300 m/sec for basin units. While the resulting map provides the basis for incorporating site response in an assessment of seismic hazard for Islamabad, it also demonstrates the potential use of remote-sensing data for site characterization in regions where only limited conventional mapping has been done
A systematic review of the unique prospective association of negative affect symptoms and adolescent substance use controlling for externalizing symptoms.
This systematic review examines whether negative affect symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and internalizing symptoms more broadly) predict subsequent adolescent substance use after controlling for co-occurring externalizing symptoms. Following PRISMA procedures, we identified 61 studies that tested the association of interest. Findings varied depending on the type of negative affect symptom and to some extent on the substance use outcome. The most consistent associations were evident for depressive symptoms, particularly as predictors of substance use composite scores. No clear association between anxiety and substance use or between internalizing symptoms and substance use was evident, and indeed these associations were as often negative as positive. Mixed findings regarding the depression-substance use association, however, also call for greater attention to potential moderating factors that may help define who, when, and in what context depression serves as an important risk factor for later substance use above and beyond risk associated with externalizing symptoms
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