53 research outputs found
Risk and protective factors for suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) young people, from countries with a high global acceptance index (GAI), within the context of the socio-ecological model: A scoping review
Introduction: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) young people experience higher prevalence rates of suicidality than their heterosexual and/or cisgender peers. However, there is limited research that can inform suicide prevention efforts. Our aim was to synthesize quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research on risk and protective factors among LGBTQ+ young people, from countries with a high Global Acceptance Index.Methods: A scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's fiveâstage framework, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaâanalysis Extension for Scoping Reviews protocol. Five databases and grey literature were searched for relevant studies. Identified factors were clustered by thematic type, according to the socioâecological model to identify empirical trends and knowledge gaps. The mixed methods appraisal tool was used for quality assessment of studies. Results: Sixtyâsix studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 59 unique risk factors and 37 unique protective factors were identified. Key risk factors include past suicidality, adverse childhood experiences, internalized queerphobia, minority stress, interpersonal violence, bullying, familial conflict, and antiâLGBTQ+ policies/ legislation. Key protective factors include selfâaffirming strategies, adult/peer support, atâschool safety, access to inclusive healthcare, family connectedness, positive coming out experiences, genderâaffirming services and LGBTQ+ inclusive policies and legislation.Conclusions: Overall, our findings affirm that multiple risk and protective factors, at all levels of the socioâecological model, interact in complex, unique and diverse ways upon suicidality among LGBTQ+ young people. Implications for suicide prevention are discussed. Further empirical studies are required, particularly at the communities, policies, and societal levels of the socioâecological model, and these studies should include a focus on protective factors and significant withinâgroup differences
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