Some Questions of Hardware Structure of the Integrated Systems Control

The hardware structure of an integrated systems control (ISC) must support the functions which are carried out by the ISC. This idea seems to be very simple at first sight though it has many aspects and difficulties. It is quite possible to formulate several general objectives for the ISC hardware. They are the following: (1) to implement all functions which make up the ISC; (2) to be constructed in a hierarchical structure; (3) to ensure effective data input, output, processing and storage; and (4) to take into consideration the possibilities of development and improvement. Hardware problems will be discussed with these remarks in mind. The first question to be discussed is what kind of general hardware structure should be used? In this case we must consider two different alternatives: (1) use of one or more large-capacity computers to solve the tasks for all the control levels; and (2) use of a number of mini- or medium-sized computers at individual levels. We consider an "ideal" hardware structure in terms of these alternatives and certainly we accept the terms "ideal" rather conditionally

Industrial Technology: Problem-Oriented Approach

The three problems -- operational control and management, research and development and design -- form the basis for increasing the efficiency of modern industrial technology and developing new one. The general approach to the development of the problem-oriented models has several particular features which depend on the problems to be solved: knowledge and data about the systems to be modeled, demand for model accuracy, type of model solution (off-line or on-line), computer type, etc. Different kinds of mathematical models which are implemented for operational control and management, research and development and design of a modern industrial technology -- steelmaking in basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) -- have been considered. The problems which were formulated, the approaches to the development of the mathematical models and the processes which occur in BOF technology, are typical for other different kinds of industrial technology, e.g. chemicals, cement industry, atomic reactors, glass industry

Computer Application in the Steel Industry: Control of Basic Oxygen Furnaces and Integrated Management Systems in Large Plants

Interest in computer based management systems in the steel industry can be attributed to three main reasons. First, steel is a basic industry that is of interest to most of the IIASA NMOs. Second, steel is a complex industry with different types of processing and manufacturing facilities. Third, and most important, the steel industry is perhaps the most advanced area of technology with respect to the application of both an integrated systems approach and computers for real time information processing and decision making. The major goal of this workshop was to aid IIASA in identifying the most advanced methods for planning, scheduling and production control, and to determine how these methods can be implemented and coordinated to achieve systems integration. The proceedings of this workshop deal with problem oriented models for industrial technology -- specifically with the application of computers for the control of basic oxygen furnaces. A review of the present practices in nine countries, including Japan, the USA and the USSR, are presented, along with suggestions for further IIASA research

Functional Hierarchy of Computer Based Management Systems

Computer based management systems (CMS) are characterized by a number of attributes: functional structure, data basis, technical tools, as well as the organization and implementation of design and efficiency. Each system operates in a particular environment: managerial levels, socio-economic systems, industrial sectors. This paper discusses the functional hierarchy of CMS for different managerial levels (e.g., technological unit or process, individual plant-enterprise, corporation sector, region, nation, international grouping), as well as the evaluation of the data base, the hardware architecture, and efficiency. Most of these problems are considered with respect to plan-oriented and market-oriented economies

SNCG (synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1))

Review on SNCG (synuclein, gamma (breast cancer-specific protein 1)), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated