Semantic Theory in Ainkurunuru

The Tamil language can be said to be the oldest of the world's languages. Tamil literature deals with various aspects of life. They contain a variety of literature, grammar, stories, essays, poems, proverbs, etc. Moreover, the Sangam literature depicts everyday life. From the Sangam age to the present period, a variety of writers and books have appeared. The Sangam literature consists of a large number of sections viz., Ettutthokai, Patthuppaattu, and Pathinen Kilkanakku books. Though there is Akam and Puram in the Ettutthokai of Sangam literature, in the third of Ainkurunooru ten songs to each of five thinais, that is five hundred songs are found.  All of these songs were sung by different poets at different times and in different contexts. Though all the Pulavars are Tamils, they all belong to different periods. The Tamil language can vary from time to time. Therefore, the vocabulary of each scholar can vary. It was the Ettutthokai that beautifully illustrated the conditions of life of the people of the Sangam age and compiled them as well as illustrated them clearly. Moreover, the Ettutthokai volume of books has shown the true feelings of the people of the Sangam age such as valour, love, justice, benevolence, humanity, pride, and warmth. In Sangam literature, the imaginary lines about love are classified as Akam and the fields of life such as heroism, love, charity, etc., are classified as Puram

PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF blaCTX-M-15-PRODUCING PATHOGENIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and molecular characterization of blaCTX-M-15-producing pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria from various clinical samples isolated from clinically suspected patients.Methods: In this study, clinical samples of urine, stool, sputum, and pus were collected from 244 patients with nosocomial infections. The phenotypic identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was confirmed by double-disk synergy test and combined disk diffusion test. In vitro, the susceptibility pattern of antimicrobial agents against pathogenic isolates was performed by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The identification of blaCTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli was assessed by polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The frequency of ESBL-producing pathogenic bacteria from screened was 6 (46.15%). In vitro, susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria showed that the majority of isolates were highly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (97.87%), ofloxacin (93.33%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefoperazone, and meropenem (92.30%). The rates of resistance to other antibiotics varied from <26.66%. Among six tested isolates, only one E. coli isolates showed blaCTX-M-15 gene.Conclusion: Due to the increase of E. coli with multiple ESBL genes, continuous surveillance should be needed in clinical field to use of appropriate antibiotics and the control of infections

Coriolis effect on thermal convection in a couple-stress fluid-saturated rotating rigid porous layer

Both linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses are performed to study thermal convection in a rotating couple-stress fluid-saturated rigid porous layer. In the case of linear stability analysis, conditions for the occurrence of possible bifurcations are obtained. It is shown that Hopf bifurcation is possible due to Coriolis force, and it occurs at a lower value of the Rayleigh number at which the simple bifurcation occurs. In contrast to the nonrotating case, it is found that the couple-stress parameter plays a dual role in deciding the stability characteristics of the system, depending on the strength of rotation. Nonlinear stability analysis is carried out by constructing a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using truncated representation of Fourier series. Sub-critical finite amplitude steady motions occur depending on the choice of physical parameters but at higher rotation rates oscillatory convection is found to be the preferred mode of instability. Besides, the stability of steady bifurcating equilibrium solution is discussed using modified perturbation theory. Heat transfer is calculated in terms of Nusselt number. Also, the transient behavior of the Nusselt number is investigated by solving the nonlinear differential equations numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Gill method. It is noted that increase in the value of Taylor number and the couple-stress parameter is to dampen the oscillations of Nusselt number and thereby to decrease the heat transfer

Effect of Thermal Modulation on the Onset of Convection in Walters B Viscoelastic Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium

The linear stability of Walters B viscoelastic fluid-saturated horizontal porous layer is examined theoretically when the walls of the porous layer are subjected to time-periodic temperature modulation. Three types of boundary temperature modulations are considered namely, symmetric, asymmetric, and only the lower wall temperature is modulated while the upper wall is held at constant temperature. A regular perturbation method based on small amplitude of applied temperature field is used to compute the critical values of Rayleigh number and the corresponding wave number. The shift in critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of modulation frequency, viscoelastic parameter, and Prandtl number. The effect of all three types of modulations is found to be destabilizing as compared to the unmodulated system. This result is in contrast to the system with other types of fluids. Besides, the influence of physical parameters on the control of convective instability of the system is discussed

Maximizing the Number of Spatial Nulls with Minimum Sensors

In this paper, we attempt to unify two array processing frameworks viz, Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS) and two level nested array to enhance the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) significantly beyond the limit that is attained by a Uniform Linear Hydrophone Array (ULA) with specified number of sensors. The major focus is to design a line array architecture which provides high resolution unambiguous bearing estimation with increased number of spatial nulls to mitigate the multiple interferences in a deep ocean scenario. AVS can provide more information about the propagating acoustic field intensity vector by simultaneously measuring the acoustic pressure along with tri-axial particle velocity components. In this work, we have developed Nested AVS array (NAVS) ocean data model to demonstrate the performance enhancement. Conventional and MVDR spatial filters are used as the response function to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture. Simulation results show significant improvement in performance viz, increase of DoF, and localization of more number of acoustic sources and high resolution bearing estimation with reduced side lobe level

Robust nanopatterning by laser-induced dewetting of metal nanofilms

We have observed nanopattern formation with robust and controllable spatial ordering by laser-induced dewetting in nanoscopic metal films. Pattern evolution in Co film of thickness 1\leq h\leq8 nm on SiO_{2} was achieved under multiple pulse irradiation using a 9 ns pulse laser. Dewetting leads to the formation of cellular patterns which evolve into polygons that eventually break up into nanoparticles with monomodal size distribution and short range ordering in nearest-neighbour spacing R. Spatial ordering was attributed to a hydrodynamic thin film instability and resulted in a predictable variation of R and particle diameter D with h. The length scales R and D were found to be independent of the laser energy. These results suggest that spatially ordered metal nanoparticles can be robustly assembled by laser-induced dewetting

Ethylene-propylene Diene Rubber as a Futuristic Elastomer for Insulation of Solid Rocket Motors

The study carried out so far on the application of ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM)in the field of insulation of case bonded solid rocket motors has been reviewed. The variousstudies by the authors (unpublished work) have also been reported. All these findings bring outthe excellent potential of EPDM as insulator in view of its ageing resistance, low-temperatureflexibility, low erosion rate, and low specific gravity

Evaluation of the feasibility and acceptability of the 'Care for Stroke' intervention in India, a smartphone-enabled, carer-supported, educational intervention for management of disability following stroke.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify operational issues encountered by study participants in using the 'Care for Stroke' intervention; (2) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. DESIGN: Mixed-methods research design. SETTING: Participant's home. Participants were selected from a tertiary hospital in Chennai, South India. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty stroke survivors treated and discharged from the hospital, and their caregivers. INTERVENTION: 'Care for Stroke' is a smartphone-enabled, educational intervention for management of physical disabilities following stroke. It is delivered through a web-based, smartphone-enabled application. It includes inputs from stroke rehabilitation experts in a digitised format. METHODS: Evaluation of the intervention was completed in two phases. In the first phase, the preliminary intervention was field-tested with 30 stroke survivors for 2 weeks. In the second phase, the finalised intervention was provided to a further 30 stroke survivors to be used in their homes with support from their carers for 4 weeks. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: PRIMARY OUTCOMES: (1) operational difficulties in using the intervention; (2) feasibility and acceptability of the intervention in an Indian setting. Disability and dependency were assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Field-testing identified operational difficulties related to connectivity, video-streaming, picture clarity, quality of videos, and functionality of the application. The intervention was reviewed, revised and finalised before pilot-testing. Findings from the pilot-testing showed that the 'Care for Stroke' intervention was feasible and acceptable. Over 90% (n=27) of the study participants felt that the intervention was relevant, comprehensible and useful. Over 96% (n=29) of the stroke survivors and all the caregivers (100%, n=30) rated the intervention as excellent and very useful. These findings were supported by qualitative interviews. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation indicated that the 'Care for Stroke' intervention was feasible and acceptable in an Indian context. An assessment of effectiveness is now warranted

Self consistent determination of plasmonic resonances in ternary nanocomposites

We have developed a self consistent technique to predict the behavior of plasmon resonances in multi-component systems as a function of wavelength. This approach, based on the tight lower bounds of the Bergman-Milton formulation, is able to predict experimental optical data, including the positions, shifts and shapes of plasmonic peaks in ternary nanocomposites without using any ftting parameters. Our approach is based on viewing the mixing of 3 components as the mixing of 2 binary mixtures, each in the same host. We obtained excellent predictions of the experimental optical behavior for mixtures of Ag:Cu:SiO2 and alloys of Au-Cu:SiO2 and Ag-Au:H2 O, suggesting that the essential physics of plasmonic behavior is captured by this approach.Comment: 7 pages and 4 figure

WILL THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE UN-PAUSE THE WORLD AND DECIDE THE FATE OF COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the human respiratory system. In today’s world, scientists are working conscientiously for the identification of promising drugs and vaccines. But, when we look back to the former times, herbal medicines were considered for curing most of the diseases; luckily, nowadays, natural remedies are being carried forward by few researchers even for the treatment of most life-threatening diseases like cancer, diabetes and alzheimer’s etc. So, why can't we attempt the herbal formulation for the management of COVID-19 too? Since there is no proper scientific validation for traditional herbs and spices; it just can’t be simply ignored. When a product with less or few side effects can be prepared and made available for the benefit of people, there is nothing wrong in pondering them. Thus, keeping these points in mind, in this article, we have discussed about SARS CoV-2, their treatment options and the impact of natural remedies on both the former as well as novel coronavirus. Further, we have also emphasized on traditional Chinese medicine, various flavonoids and kabasura kudineer and their impact on coronavirus infection. Till now, there is no particular drug or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19; thus prevention is the only option. But, we hope that thorough study; screening, preclinical and clinical evaluation of natural compounds may give some action against SARS CoV-2. Moreover, incorporating natural herbs and spices in our diet can help in boosting immunity and fight against various life-threatening diseases