Effect of cabinet tray dryer on Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) slices during drying process and storage study of dehydrated tomato powder

The effected dehydrated tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) samples determining by acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, lycopene content and microbial growth. The highest acidity value 7.42 of untreated samples (4mm) in LDPE packaging material and 8.12 of untreated samples (8 mm) in aluminum foil packaging and the lowest pH value 2.05 of untreated samples (6mm) in LDPE packaging material and 2.07 of untreated samples (8 mm) in aluminum foil package under cabinet tray dryer (65 0C) after 120 days. The lowest lycopene content value 50.71 of untreated sam-ples (6 mm) in LDPE packaging material and 60.24 of untreated samples (4 mm) in aluminum foil packaging under cabinet tray dryer at 65 0C after 120 days. The lowest vitamin C value 8.54 of untreated samples (4mm) in LDPE packaging and 9.50 of untreated samples (6 mm) in aluminum foil packaging under cabinet tray dryer after 120 days. We can see that microbial growth not detect in the starting 30 days but after one month we can easily see microbial growth. When considering growth rates of microbial pathogens, in addition to temperature, time is a critical consideration. Food producers or manufacturers address the concept of time as it relates to microbial growth when a product's shelf life is determined. The highest microbial growth 4.55×102 of untreated samples (6mm) in LDPE pack-aging and 4.49×102 of untreated samples (8 mm) in aluminum foil packaging under cabinet tray dryer after 120 days

Anti-Adjacency Matrices of Certain Graphs Derived from Some Graph Operations

If we go through the literature, one can find many matrices that are derived for a given simple graph. The one among them is the anti-adjacency matrix which is given as follows; The anti-adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph $G$ with vertex set   $V (G) \,= \,\{\,v_1,\,v_2,\\ \dots, v_n\}$   is an $n \times n$ matrix $B(G) = (b_{ij} )$, where $b_{ij} = 0$ if there exists an edge between $v_i$ and $v_j$ and $1$ otherwise. In this paper, we try to bring out an expression, which establishes a connection between the anti-adjacency matrices of the two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ and the   anti-adjacency matrix of their tensor product, $G_1 \otimes G_2$. In addition, an expression for the anti-adjacency matrix of the disjunction of two graphs, $G_1\lor G_2$, is obtained in a similar way. Finally, we obtain an expression for the anti-adjacency matrix for the generalized tensor product and generalized disjunction of two graphs.  Adjacency and anti-adjacency matrices are square matrices that are used to represent a finite graph in graph theory and computer science. The matrix elements show whether a pair of vertices in the graph are adjacent or not

Functional outcome of tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy for treatment of congenital talipes equino varus in children older than two years

Background: Long term results of tenotomy and Ponseti technique are established worldwide. However, functions of Tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy in these cases i.e. idiopathic/neglected/operated/relapsed clubfeet (after casting or surgical correction) are not established. Tendoachilles regeneration after tenotomy has been confirmed on USG and MRI but only a few studies have done functional evaluation of tendoachilles. This study was done to evaluate the functional outcome of tendoachilles after tenotomy in patients older than two years presenting with CTEV. This study also assessed the influence of age and any previous treatment on tenotomy.Methods: In this study, 42 children (68 clubfeet) were seen in the two year study period. Children between 2-13 years coming to the outpatient department for treatment using the Ponseti’s method were followed during and after completion of treatment for 2 years. Patients were divided into two groups-first according to age and second according to previous treatment. Clinical evaluation of tendoachilles regeneration was done by evaluating the child’s ability to stand on tip of toes on single leg and walking ability.Results: The ability to stand on tip of toes after removal of the final cast was delayed maximum in the previously operated patients (9.5 weeks), lesser in patients who were previously treated by casting (7.3 weeks) and least in neglected patients (7 weeks). It also increased as the age increased (2-5 years age group required 7.4 weeks whereas 11-13 years age group required 16 weeks). Neglected patients started walking earlier (4.6 weeks) as compared to patients treated conservatively (4.8 weeks) or operatively (7.2 weeks). Younger children started walking earlier (age 2-5 years required 4.7 weeks whereas 11-13 years age group required 12 weeks). Conclusions: Functional evaluation of tendoachilles showed that all children who had tenotomy could walk and stand on tip of toes irrespective of age and previous treatment. However, older child and children having history of previous treatment, required longer time for recovery

Effect of carbon nanofibre addition on the mechanical properties of different Vf carbon-epoxy composites

Carbon-epoxy (C-epoxy) laminated composites having different fibre volume fractions (40, 50, 60 and 70) were fabricated with and without the addition of aminofunctionalized carbon nanofibres (A-CNF). Flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and tensile strength of the composite laminates were determined. It was observed that, the ability of A-CNF to enhance the mechanical properties of C-epoxy diminished significantly as the fibre volume fraction (Vf) of the C-epoxy increased from 40 to 60. At 70Vf, the mechanical properties of the ACNF reinforced C-epoxy were found to be lower compared to the C-epoxy composite made without the addition of A-CNF. In this paper suitable mechanisms for the observed trends are proposed on the basis of the fracture modes of the composite

Extensive Review on Laminated Bus Bar for Low and High Power Applications

This paper explains about wide range of applications for Laminated Bus Bar used for high and low power applications. Authors also explains ways to effective utilize laminated bus bar when compared to conventional bus bar. Laminated bus bars are designed with low stray inductance and high capacitance with a uniform current distribution in conducting plate. Parameters like Length, Width, material thickness and other miscellaneous parameters effect Laminated bus bar performance. With a proper design of Laminated bus bar it can best utilized, laminated bus bar are suitable for many low and high power applications which are discussed in this paper. Replacing conventional bus bar with laminated bus bar additional advantages are achieved like lighter weight, less space and lower maintenance

Ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, which is linked to the development of cutaneous SCC, modulates differential epidermal microRNAs expression

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is linked to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a non-melanoma form of skin cancer that can metastasize. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is linked to UVR-induced development of SCC. To find clues about the mechanisms by which TNFα may promote UVR-induced development of SCC, we investigated changes in the expression profiling of microRNAs (miRNA), a novel class of short noncoding RNAs, which affects translation and stability of mRNAs. In this experiment, TNFα knockout (TNFα KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates were exposed to acute UVR (2.0 kJ/m2) and the expression profiling of epidermal miRNA was determined 4hr post UVR exposure. TNFα deletion in untreated WT mice resulted in differential expression (log fold change\u3e1) of seventeen miRNA. UVR exposure in WT mice induced differential expression of 22 miRNA. However, UVR exposure in TNFα KO mice altered only two miRNAs. Four miRNA, were differentially expressed between WT+UVR and TNFα KO+UVR groups. Differentially expressed selected miRNAs were further validated using real time PCR. Few of the differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-31-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-206-3p, miR-411-5p, miR-709, and miR-322-5p) were also observed in UVR-induced SCC. Finally, bio-informatics analysis using DIANA, MIRANDA, Target Scan, and miRDB algorithms revealed a link with major UVR-induced pathways (MAPK, PI3K-Akt, transcriptional mis-regulation, Wnt, and TGF-beta)

Low melt alloy blended polyalcohol as solid-solid phase change material for energy storage: an experimental study

Centre for Engineering Research and Development; UKIERI-DS

Anti-Adjacency Matrices of Certain Graphs Derived from Some Graph Operations

If we go through the literature, one can find many matrices that are derived for a given simple graph. The one among them is the anti-adjacency matrix which is given as follows; The anti-adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph $G$ with vertex set   $V (G) \,= \,\{\,v_1,\,v_2,\\ \dots, v_n\}$   is an $n \times n$ matrix $B(G) = (b_{ij} )$, where $b_{ij} = 0$ if there exists an edge between $v_i$ and $v_j$ and $1$ otherwise. In this paper, we try to bring out an expression, which establishes a connection between the anti-adjacency matrices of the two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$ and the   anti-adjacency matrix of their tensor product, $G_1 \otimes G_2$. In addition, an expression for the anti-adjacency matrix of the disjunction of two graphs, $G_1\lor G_2$, is obtained in a similar way. Finally, we obtain an expression for the anti-adjacency matrix for the generalized tensor product and generalized disjunction of two graphs.  Adjacency and anti-adjacency matrices are square matrices that are used to represent a finite graph in graph theory and computer science. The matrix elements show whether a pair of vertices in the graph are adjacent or not

HIV Risk Behaviours And Depression Among Female Drug Users (FDUs) In Malaysia

Background: Female drug users (FDUs) dependent on amphetamine-type-stimulants (ATS) are predisposed to risky HIV behaviours and psychological problems. Objectives: This study aims to determine HIV risk behaviours and prevalence of depression among FDUs in Malaysia. Method: A total of 202 FDUs currently undergoing rehabilitation at an institutional rehabilitation centre in Bachok, Kelantan were surveyed. Respondents self-administered the behavioural survey questionnaire, and the Malay version Beck Depression Scale (BDS). Results: Most of the FDUs were Malays (87%, n=176/202), with a mean age of 29.47 years-old. Sixty-two percent (n=125/202) were above 26 years-old, two-third (67%, n=136/202) married, more than half (56%, n=114/202) have nine years of education, while 62% held employments prior to their detention. Majority (54%, n=109/202) self-reported to have used amphetamine-type-stimulants (ATS), while 46% (n=93/202) reported opiate + ATS use. Two-third (67%, n=136/202) reported living with a drug using male partner prior to their detention, 58% (n=118/202) were involved in illegal drug distribution activities, and only 10% (n=20/202) work as sex-workers. Seventy-seven percent (n=156/202) of the FDUs have no knowledge about female condom use. Results showed those who used only ATS and those who used opiate and ATS, were more likely to have irregular sex partners (OR: 1.3: 0.72-2.40: p<.371); to have never used condom with irregular sex partners (OR: 1.1: 0.39-2.91: p<.888); and used drugs during sex (OR: 1.4: 0.67-2.75: p<.393). Opiate + ATS users were more likely to inject (OR: 2.7: 1.31-5.46: p<.005); lend their injecting equipment (OR: 2.9: 1.09-7.56: p<.028); ask help during injection (OR: 2.6: 1.18-5.73: p<.015); and experience drug overdose (OR: 3.2: 1.69-5.97: p<.001), compared to those using only ATS. Notably, 75% (n=151/202) of the FDUs were found to be depress. Conclusion: Female drug users in Malaysia are vulnerable to HIV infections. Our findings suggest that proper harm reduction interventions targeting FDUs are needed