DESIGN ISSUES AND CLASSIFICATION OF WSNS OPERATING SYSTEMS

Wireless Sensor Networks is an emerging area of research. Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) face lot of problems that do not arise in other types of wireless networks and computing environments. Limited computational resources, power constraints, low reliability and higher density of sensor nodes (motes) are just some basic problems that have to be considered when designing or selecting a new operating system in order to evaluate the performance of wireless sensor nodes (motes). In this paper we focused on design issues, challenges and classification of operating systems for WSNs

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF VIRECHANA THERAPY IN AMAVATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Amavata is a disease of chronic joint and body pain, accompanied by a swelling of some or all of the synovial joints. These symptoms are typically accompanied by stiffness of joints, loss of appetite, indigestion, lack of enthusiasm, feeling of heaviness and fever. Among Shodhna therapy described in Ayurveda, Virechana is mostly used in the disorders originated from vitiated Pitta. Along with this, it is also useful in the disorders in which Pitta is associated with Vata or Kapha dosha. It has direct effect on the Agni Adhishthan and also works on Kapha and Vata Adhishsthan. Thus, it rectify not only Pitta but Vata and Kapha Dosha also.A clinical study of 20 registered cases of Amavata revealed that Virechana karma is a very effective treatment of Amavata. This study proved the significance of Virecana karma on classical symptom of Amavata i.e., Angamarda, Aruchi, Trishna, Jwara, Shoth, etc. It reflects that Virechana karma is a potent Shroto-vishodhna, a good anti-inflammatory and pain relieving in patients of R.A.Statistically significant results were found in Morning stiffness (83.02%, P<0.001), Swelling (81.67% , P<0.001), Trishna (56%, P<0.001), Aruchi (80.00%, P<0.001), Gaurava (85.37% P<0.001) and Apaka (81.39%). This study reveals that Virechana therapy is a very effective Panchakarma procedure with potent Sroto Shodhana effect to produce good anti- inflammatory and pain reducing feature in patients of R.A

Antiulcer Potential of the Ethanolic Extract of Aerva Persica Merrill Root in Rats

AbstractThe ethanol extract of the roots of Aerva persica (Burm f) Merrill (Amaranthaceae) was investigated to determine its antiulcer and in vivo antioxidant activities in albino Wistar rats. Ulcers were induced by ethanol and pylorus ligation. The extract was administered at the dose of 200mg/kg orally, p.o. for 15 consecutive days. The ulcer index of the ethanol extract was found to be significantly reduced compared with control animals. The effect was also assessed by determining the free acidity, pepsin activity, total carbohydrate (TC), and protein content (PK) in control, standard, and test group animals. The in vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the reduced glutathione level (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the tissue homogenates. The results reveal the significant reduction in the level of malondialdehyde and the increase in the level of reduced glutathione in the rats that received the ethanolic extract. Furthermore, histopathological studies have shown that pretreatment with the ethanolic extract of the roots of A persica reduces (100%) ethanol- and pylorus ligation-induced hemorrhagic necrosis in rats

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLURBIPROFEN FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANTS

ABSTRACTObjective: The main objective of this research was to formulate Fast disintegrating tablets of Flurbiprofen incorporating superdisintegrants, isolated from natural sources like Plantago ovata (PO) seeds, Lepidium sativum (LS) seeds and agar-agar.Methods: Superdisintegrants were isolated from their natural sources using reported methods. Swelling index and hydration capacity was determined for the natural superdisintegrants to know their disintegration capacity. The tablet formulations were designed using isolated natural superdisintegrants. The powder blends were evaluated for pre-compressional parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, carr's index, and hausner's ratio. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The compressed tablets were characterized for post compression parameters.Results: All formulations had hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content within the pharmacopoeial limits. The wetting time was 84 to 254 sec, in vitro disintegration time was between 59.2 to 221 sec, and in-vitro drug release was as low as 11.80% (LS1) to a maximum of 98.99% (PO4) after 4 min of study. Among all, optimized formulation was PO4, as it showed good wetting time (84 sec), fastest disintegration time (59.2 sec), dispersion time (135 sec) and drug release of 98.99.% within 4 min.Conclusion: Flurbiprofen FDT's were successfully developed using isolated natural disintegrants. The natural disintegrants isolated showed promising results and can prove as effective alternative for synthetic disintegrants

An Approach towards Designing a Cryptographic Confidentiality Algorithm with high PSNR & Time Efficient

Steganography is the technique of hiding valuable information within other data. While cryptography makes sure that the data is unreadable to the third party.  To fulfill the concern of security, many approaches of steganography and cryptography are discussed and developed. In the paper we proposed a work with combined approach of steganography and cryptography and is applied to achieve the goal of security with better efficiency as compared to previous methodologies. The information hiding system is mainly designed with the attributes of characters i.e. RGB values. The proposed work presented in this paper implements the five processing steps of our methodology. These steps consists the generation of a pseudo random number with the help of a 128 bit key, generation of four keys to encrypt the message, encryption by symmetric key encryption technique,  cipher text hiding by replacing the least significant with the application of modified LSB algorithm, and generation of secured message at the end as output. The proposed algorithm is designed in such a way that before hiding a bit, the bit is optimized first that it increases the PSNR value as compared with previous algorithms without affecting the other parameters.

Changes in Total Protein in Liver and Kidney of Freshwater Fish, Channa Punctatus (Bloch.) After Intoxication of Carbaryl

Pesticides are one group of toxic compounds linked to human use that have a profound effect on aquatic fauna. Fish may be good indicators of contamination by pollutants because their biochemical responses are quite similar to found in mammals. Studies on toxic effects of carbaryl (a carbamate pesticide) on liver and kidney of freshwater fish Channa punctatus have been made. The LC50 value of carbaryl was calculated 10.05mg/l for various time periods 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The study was conducted to investigate the total protein changes in the liver and kidney of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of pesticide carbaryl for a period of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and up to 90 days. Carbaryl intoxication in Channa punctatus caused significant decrease in total protein in liver and kidney as compared to control. The reasons for such changes have been discussed in this paper

High temperature creep of tungsten free cobalt based Superalloys

The current study reports the high temperature creep behaviour of the recently discovered1,2,3 Co-Al-Mo-Nb/Ta superalloys with additions of Ni, Cr and Ti. These alloys have a classical microstructure, where the L12 ordered is present uniformly throughout the matrix of cobalt in the form of coherent precipitates. The in these alloys, has been stabilized without the addition of tungsten. This results in lower density as well as easier homogenization treatment, since slowly diffusing tungsten is absent. The solvus of these alloys is beyond 1000o C. The alloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties at higher temperatures, with specific strengths that are attractive compared to commercially available current cast polycrystalline cobalt based superalloys. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Repurposing of Glycine-Rich Proteins in Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in the Lone-Star Tick (\u3ci\u3eAmblyomma americanum\u3c/i\u3e)

Tick feeding requires the secretion of a huge number of pharmacologically dynamic proteins and other molecules which are vital for the formation of the cement cone, the establishment of the blood pool and to counter against the host immune response. Glycine-rich proteins (GRP) are found in many organisms and can function in a variety of cellular processes and structures. The functional characterization of the GRPs in the tick salivary glands has not been elucidated. GRPs have been found to play a role in the formation of the cement cone; however, new evidence suggests repurposing of GRPs in the tick physiology. In this study, an RNA interference approach was utilized to silence two glycine-rich protein genes expressed in early phase of tick feeding to determine their functional role in tick hematophagy, cement cone structure, and microbial homeostasis within the tick host. Additionally, the transcriptional regulation of GRPs was determined after exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses including cold and hot temperature, injury, and oxidative stress. This caused a significant up-regulation of AamerSigP-34358, Aam-40766, AamerSigP-39259, and Aam-36909. Our results suggest ticks repurpose these proteins and further functional characterization of GRPs may help to design novel molecular strategies to disrupt the homeostasis and the pathogen transmission

A Validated Stability-Indicating Liquid-Chromatographic Method for Ranitidine Hydrochloride in Liquid Oral Dosage Form

A selective, specific and stability-indicating gradient reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of Ranitidine in presence of its impurities, forced degradation products and placebo substances such as saccharide and parabens. Ultraviolet detection was performed at 230 nm. Separate portions of the drug product and ingredients were exposed to stress conditions to induce oxidative, acidic, basic, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic degradation. Ranitidine was found to degrade significantly at acidic, basic and oxidative stress conditions but was stable at heat and humidity. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was validated over this range for (i) system suitability (ii) specificity, (iii) precision, (iv) limit of detection and limit of quantification, (v) linearity, (vi) accuracy, (vii) robustness. The method was found to be precise, accurate, linear and robust. The proposed method was successfully employed for estimation of Ranitidine impurities in pharmaceutical preparations

Study of dengue outbreak in north west zone of Rajasthan, India

Background: Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral disease globally. The virus is the member of flavivirus group which typically is a single stranded RNA virus. It is 2nd most common arthropod borne disease in India. Due to its atypical presentation often, dengue missed out as a differential diagnosis. High clinical suspicion and proper investigation help in early diagnosis of dengue and its complications.Methods: A total of 200 patients were selected to be a part of study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only those patients were included in the study who had classical features of dengue- fever with chills, body ache, headache and thrombocytopenia and had a positive serology against dengue virus. Patients who had malaria, enteric fever, and negative serology were excluded from the study. Other causes of pancreatitis, pneumonitis, ascitis, cholangitis, pleural effusion and thrombocytopenia are rolled out. All patients were subjected to a detailed history and a thorough clinical examination. A complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, chest X-ray and USG abdomen were also done.Results: Among 200 patients diagnosed as dengue fever,106 were male and 94 female. 78% patient were from urban and majority were from 20-30 years age group. Average duration of stay in hospital is 3.5 days. Along with fever and malaise, pain abdomen, bleeding diathesis, itching, cough were the major complaints in decreasing order. Different findings in the investigations are: Mean WBC counts - 4251, mean platelet counts - 41831, mean hematocret - 41.8, mean MPV- 8.55, number of patients with deranged ALT/AST- 88(44%). In USG ascitis and edematous gall bladder were the major findings followed by hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and pleural effusion. Number of patients required platelet transfusion were 60. Among these 60 patients average number of RDP transfused is 2 units.Conclusions: Present study concludes that clinical vigilance about various type of presentations is important as timely recognition can influence outcome and may prevent compilations