Antibacterial Screening of Some Newly Synthesized Cinnamo Hydroxamic Acids

Newly synthesized cinnamo hydroxamic acids (CHA), N-methyl cinnamo hydroxamic acid (MCHA), N-benzyl cinnamo hydroxamic acid (N-BCHA), p-methyl benzyl cinnamo hydroxamic acid (p-CH3BCHA) and p-chloro benzyl cinnamo hydroxamic acid (p-ClBCHA), were synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These compounds are shows bacteristatic and bactericidal properties by the interaction of bacterial cell wall with two process bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors and disruption of protein synthesis. The bacterial cell growth zone of inhibition by these compounds (CHA, MCHA, N-BCHA, p-CH3BCHA, p-ClBCHA) for Lactobacillus are 13 mm, 17 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 22 mm and for Escherichia coli are 14 mm, 16 mm, 19 mm, 12 mm, 20 mm, at 1000 ppm respectively. Detailed analysis shows that these compounds are good cell growth of inhibition by the study of antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Keywords: Cinnamo hydroxamic acids, Antibacterial, Inhibition, Bacterial, Activity

Empowering people for water resources management

Empowering people for water resources managemen

The line transect method for estimating densities of large mammals in a tropical deciduous forest: An evaluation of models and field experiments

We have evaluated techniques of estimating animal density through direct counts using line transects during 1988-92 in the tropical deciduous forests of Mudumalui Sanctuary in southern India for four species of large herbivorous mammals, namely, chital (Axis axis). sambar (Cervus unicolor). Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and gaur (Bos gaurus) Density estimates derived from the Fourier Series and the Half-Normal models consistently had the lowest coefficient of variation. These two models also generated similar mean density estimates. For the Fourier Series estimator, appropriate cut-off widths for analyzing line transect data for the four species are suggested. Grouping data into various distance classes did not produce any appreciable differences in estimates of mean density or their variances, although model fit is generally better when data arc placed in fewer groups. The sampling effort needed to achieve a desired precision (coefficient of variation) in the density estimate is derived. A sampling effort of 800 km of transects returned a 10% coefficient of variation on estimate for ehital; for the other species a higher effort was needed to achieve this level of precision. There was no statistically significant relationship between detectability of a group and the size of the group for any species. Density estimates along roads were generally significantly different from those in the interior of the forest, indicating that road-side counts many not be appropriate for most species

Giant congenital nevus

A 17-year-old boy presented with painful swelling of the front of his chest after a roadside brawl. He had been born with a birthmark on his chest that had grown steadily to its present size. We noted a giant (32-by-21-cm), circular, well-defined, spongy, hairy, jet-black congenital melanocytic nevus occupying the lower chest and epigastrium (Panel A). The nevus was warm to the touch and mildly tender. Multiple satellite lesions over the trunk, face, limbs, palms, and lower back (Panel B, arrow) were present. No neurologic deficits were identified. Congenital nevi, which are benign proliferations of melanocytes in the dermis, epidermis, or both, occur in 1 to 2% of newborn infants. If the nevus is greater than 20 cm in diameter, it is classified as giant. Satellite lesions are often found in patients with giant congenital nevi. Giant congenital nevi may cause cosmetic problems, undergo malignant transformation, or be a part of the rare syndrome of neurocutaneous melanosis, which is characterized by congenital melanocytic nevi and melanotic neoplasms of the central nervous system. The patient's symptoms improved with oral antibiotic therapy. Despite discussion of the risk of subsequent melanoma, the patient and his parents declined surgical resection of the giant nevus

Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Co(II) and Ni(II) Coordination Compounds with 4-Aminoantipyrine Thiosemicarbazone

We describe the synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) coordination compounds of 4[N-(furan-2’-aldimine)amino]antipyrine thiosemicarbazone (FFAAPTS) and 4[N-(4'-nitrobenzalidene) amino]antipyrine thiosemicarbazone (4'-NO2BAAPTS). All the isolated compounds have the general composition MX2(L)(H2O) (M = Co2+ or Ni2+; X = Cl, Br, NO3, NCS or CH3COO; L = FFAAPTS or 4'-NO2BAAPTS) and M(ClO4)2(L)2 (M = Co2+ or Ni2+; L = FFAAPTS or 4'-NO2BAAPTS). Infrared spectral studies indicate that both the thiosemicarbazones coordinate in their neutral form and they act as {N,N,S} tridentate chelating ligands. Room temperature magnetic measurements and electronic spectral studies suggest the distorted octahedral geometries of the prepared complexes. Thermogravimetric studies are also reported and the possible structures of the complexes are proposed. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of these metal-coordination compounds have also been studied

Pressure Relief Sizing of Reactive System using DIERS Simplified Methods and Dynamic Simulation Method

PresentationIncidents involving uncontrolled chemical reactions continue to result in fatality, injury and economic loss. These incidents are often the result of inadequate pressure relief system designs due to a limited knowledge of the chemical reactivity hazard. A safe process design requires knowledge of the chemical reactivity of desired as well as undesired chemical reactions due to upset conditions. Simplified, cost effective methods to relief system sizing are presented by The Design Institute of Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS). They require multiple experiments and sizing is only valid for the system composition and thermal inertia represented by the small scale experiments. Results are often conservative, especially for gassy systems. Detailed, dynamic computer simulation is highly accurate and can be used for iterative design and multiple scenario evaluation. In this study, an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC®) and a low thermal inertia calorimeter (automatic pressure tracking adiabatic calorimeter – APTACTM) were used to collect chemical reactivity data for the dicumyl peroxide and toluene system. Results of the pressure relief system sizing using the two methodologies are presented and compared

The Changing Financial Structure of the Commercial Banking Industry (1992-2004)

The consolidation trend experienced by the commercial banking industry over more than two decades has had a significant effect on the financial structure of these institutions. This study examines commercial bank balance sheets by various asset size institutions; identifies the changing patterns of assets, liabilities, and equity accounts for these banks. The most interesting findings have been the significant growth in residential real estate loans at larger banks, financed by relatively inexpensive money market deposits, and the fact that equity accounts of every asset category in these banks have expanded significantly, reflecting the growing financial strength of the industr