A Word Embedding Based Approach for Focused Web Crawling Using the Recurrent Neural Network

Learning-based focused crawlers download relevant uniform resource locators (URLs) from the web for a specific topic. Several studies have used the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighted cosine vector as an input feature vector for learning algorithms. TF-IDF-based crawlers calculate the relevance of a web page only if a topic word co-occurs on the said page, failing which it is considered irrelevant. Similarity is not considered even if a synonym of a term co-occurs on a web page. To resolve this challenge, this paper proposes a new methodology that integrates the Adagrad-optimized Skip Gram Negative Sampling (A-SGNS)-based word embedding and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN).The cosine similarity is calculated from the word embedding matrix to form a feature vector that is given as an input to the RNN to predict the relevance of the website. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the harvest rate (hr) and irrelevance ratio (ir). The proposed methodology outperforms existing methodologies with an average harvest rate of 0.42 and irrelevance ratio of 0.58

2,3,4,9-Tetra­hydro-1H-carbazole

In the title compound, C12H13N, two methyl­ene C atoms of the cyclo­hexene ring are disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.591 (10) and 0.409 (10); both disorder components adopt half-chair conformations. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯π and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Motility of an autonomous protein-based artificial motor that operates via a burnt-bridge principle

Inspired by biology, great progress has been made in creating artificial molecular motors. However, the dream of harnessing proteins – the building blocks selected by nature – to design autonomous motors has so far remained elusive. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of the Lawnmower, an autonomous, protein-based artificial molecular motor comprised of a spherical hub decorated with proteases. Its “burnt-bridge” motion is directed by cleavage of a peptide lawn, promoting motion towards unvisited substrate. We find that Lawnmowers exhibit directional motion with average speeds of up to 80 nm/s, comparable to biological motors. By selectively patterning the peptide lawn on microfabricated tracks, we furthermore show that the Lawnmower is capable of track-guided motion. Our work opens an avenue towards nanotechnology applications of artificial protein motors

Engineering nanoparticles for targeting rheumatoid arthritis: Past, present, and future trends

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial joint inflammation and cartilage and bone tissue destruction. Although there exist some treatment strategies for RA, they are not completely safe and effective. Therefore, it is important to develop and test new drugs for RA that specifically target inflamed/swollen joints and simultaneously attenuate other possible damages to healthy tissues. Nanotechnology can be a good alternative to consider when envisioning precise medication for treating RA. Through the use of nanoparticles, it is possible to increase bioavailability and bioactivity of therapeutics and enable selective targeting to damaged joints. Herein, recent studies using nanoparticles for the treatment of RA, namely with liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles, have been reviewed. These therapeutic strategies have shown great promise in improving the treatment over that by traditional drugs. The results of these studies confirm that feasibility of the use of nanoparticles is mainly due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, controlled release, and selective drug delivery to inflamed tissues in animal RA models. Therefore, it is possible to claim that nanotechnology will, in the near future, play a crucial role in advanced treatments and patient-specific therapies for human diseases such as RA.Financial support under the ARTICULATE project (No. QREN-13/SI/2011-23189). This study was also funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) project OsteoCart (No. PTDC/CTM-BPC/115977/2009), as well as the European Union’s FP7 Programme under grant agreement no REGPOT-CT2012-316331-POLARIS. The FCT distinction attributed to J. M. O. under the Investigator FCT program (No. IF/00423/2012) is also greatly acknowledged. C. G. also wished to acknowledge FCT for supporting her research (No. SFRH/BPD/94277/2013)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ba<SUB>3</SUB>ZnTa<SUB>2&#8722;x</SUB>Nb<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>9</SUB> and Ba<SUB>3</SUB>MgTa<SUB>2&#8722;x</SUB>Nb<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>9</SUB> (0&#8804;x &#8804;1): synthesis, structure and dielectric properties

Oxides belonging to the families Ba3ZnTa2&#8722;xNbxO9 and Ba3MgTa2&#8722;xNbxO9 were synthesized by the solid state reaction route. Sintering temperatures of 1300&#176;C led to oxides with disordered (cubic) perovskite structure. However, on sintering at 1425&#176;C hexagonally ordered structures were obtained for Ba3MgTa2&#8722;xNbxO9 over the entire range (0&#8804;x&#8804;1) of composition, while for Ba3ZnTa2&#8722;xNbxO9 the ordered structure exists in a limited range (0&#8804;x&#8804;0.5). The dielectric constant is close to 30 for the Ba3ZnTa2&#8722;xNbxO9 family of oxides while the Mg analogues have lower dielectric constant of ~18 in the range 50 Hz to 500 kHz. At microwave frequencies (5-7 GHz) dielectric constant increases with increase in niobium concentration (22-26) for Ba3ZnTa2&#8722;xNbxO9; for Ba3MgTa2&#8722;xNbxO9 it varies between 12 and 14. The "Zn" compounds have much higher quality factors and lower temperature coefficient of resonant frequency compared to the "Mg" analogues

Synthesis and microwave dielectric properties of Sr<SUB>3</SUB>Zn<SUB>1&#8722;x</SUB>Mg<SUB>x</SUB>Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>9</SUB> phases

Oxides of the type, Sr3Zn1&#8722;xMgxNb2O9 (0&#8804;x&#8804;1) have been obtained by the ceramic method. These oxides crystallize in the hexagonal cell corresponding to ordered triple perovskites. Sintered disks show nearly frequency-independent dielectric constant for all the compositions. Compositions sintered at 1425&#176;C yield dielectric constant of 20-22 at ~6 GHz, with quality factor ranging from 1300 to 1500. Sr3Zn0.5Mg0.5Nb2O9 shows a very low temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (Tf) of +4 ppm/&#176;C