ANALISIS SISTEM JARINGAN TRANSPORTASI DAN MODEL GRAVITASI DI KOTA AMBON

This study aimed to analyze the maximum capacity of roads in overcoming bottlenecks using the Maximum Network Flow Model and analyze the interaction of the distribution of the movement with the city located around the city of Ambon by using Gravity Model. Data obtained using the method of documentation. Obtained results, the maximum number of cars that can pass through the road network in 1 hour is 68 units. Line 1 is the terminal Mahardika to Kudamati has exceeded the capacity for the first hour there are 104 units of the car were gone and behind 102 cars. While the other track is still low, so that the growth and development of land transportation is strongly recommended. Results of the analysis of the gravitational interaction with the transport of the most powerful city of Ambon is Karang Panjang Town with great interaction and 6781.96088 weakest interaction is with great interaction Leahari City 5.27899

Synthesis of Alpha Domain of Metallothionein for Hydrogen Production

The world relies on nonrenewable resources for a significant portion of its usable energy, the most common being fossil fuels. Fossil fuels release many unwanted byproducts during their extractions and conversion processes. As a result, this excessive use leads to harsh consequences upon the environment, including rapid global warming, release of numerous water and air pollutants, and it could possibly lead to an increased risk of death in those who are exposed to these toxins. In response to this scenario, the goal of my project is to design an artificial hydrogen catalyst, which can absorb sunlight and oxidize H2O into O2 and reduce atmospheric CO2 into sugars. These catalysts are inspired from various microorganisms that can produce hydrogen themselves; they contain hydrogenases that can bind to a metal of interest and form a coordination complex to produce hydrogen. In my catalyst, the coordination complex consisted of the following: alpha domain of metallothionein as the protein, Ni (II) as the metal of interest, and various photosensitizers and electron donors to test for hydrogen release. Upon conclusion of my experiments, the best combinations of photosensitizers, electron donors, and optimal conditions were obtained for maximum release of hydrogen

Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Treatments for the Knee Which Is More Effective?

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that is extremely prevalent in society. It affects more than 25% of Americans above the age of 18 years. According to July 2020 publication by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), osteoarthritis affects approximately 325 million Americans. One of the organs that is most affected by osteoarthritis is the knee. Over the years, we have developed non-surgical treatments, such as physical therapy (PT) and injections, and surgical treatments, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and arthroscopic lavage, for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). If a patient fails with non-surgical options, which are tried first to avoid the risks of surgery, the patient may be considered for knee surgery. This article will investigate the different non-surgical options and TKA as treatment options for KOA based on current literature. The goal of this paper is to be a comprehensive resource for physicians and patients with KOA to make an informed decision. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed. The search terms were based on the type of treatments for KOA. To find articles that compared TKA to non-surgical treatments, the terms included osteoarthritis , total knee , and non-surgical treatments, in combination. For other non-surgical treatments such as PT, weight reduction, and injections, a combination of the treatment, osteoarthritis , and knee were included in the search. For the tier 1 process, any randomized controlled trials were included. Any case reports, observational studies, and cross-sectional studies were eliminated from the search. For the tier 2 review process, any articles that did not have relevance to the topic were eliminated after reading the abstracts of the articles. After review of the literature, the data seem to suggest that TKA with 12 weeks of non-surgical treatment improved pain and functionality of the knee more than just 12 weeks of non-surgical treatment when followed up at 12 and 24 months. However, non-surgical treatment before TKA delays the need for surgery. Supervised PT, either in a group or individual format, has been shown to delay TKA in 95% patients in the group that received PT at the end of one year. In addition, weight reduction has been shown as an effective strategy to improve pain and functionality in KOA patients, which decreases the urgency for surgery. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have been shown to have long-term symptomatic relief for KOA compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) and corticosteroid injections. However, HA and corticosteroid injections are beneficial in treating KOA more than receiving no treatment. Physicians often have difficulty deciding whether to pursue conservative or surgical treatment for patients with KOA. The non-surgical treatments explored in this review - PT, injections, and weight reduction - can provide symptomatic relief and, in some cases, delay the need for surgical intervention. However, based on some randomized clinical trials mentioned in the article, patients receiving TKA have more relief, better quality of life, and improved functionality compared to non-surgical therapy. However, a critical review of this important field of debate shows that there are limited randomized controlled studies comparing the effectiveness of TKA and non-surgical treatments for KOA. We believe that this controversial topic needs further clinical investigation

Comparative assessment of effectiveness of Biomin, NovaMin, herbal, and potassium nitrate desensitizing agents in the treatment of hypersensitive teeth: A clinical study

Aim and Objectives: To compare the efficacy of four commercially available toothpastes in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: In a single-centered clinical trial, a total of 160 subjects were divided equally into four groups: group 1 – a toothpaste containing 5% fluoro calcium sodium phosphosilicate with fused silica (Biomin); group 2 – a toothpaste containing 5% CSPS (NovaMin); group 3 – herbal formulation; and group 4 – a toothpaste containing 5% potassium nitrate. The patient's DH scores for tactile, evaporative stimuli were recorded on a visual analog scale at baseline, 2 weeks, and at the end of 4 weeks. Results: All the four desensitizing toothpastes containing different active agents were effective in relieving DH. However, the Biomin group showed a better clinical response at the end of 4 weeks when compared with others. Conclusion: The Biomin group showed significantly better results compared with either NovaMin, herbal, and potassium nitrate toothpastes in the treatment of dental hypersensitivity symptoms

Clinical effects of reservoirs on gingival health using two different concentrations of home dental bleaching agents on fluorosed teeth: A comparative study

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of concentration and influence of reservoirs on the gingival mucosa of patients submitted to at-home bleaching with 10% and 35% carbamide peroxide (cp). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients were submitted to home bleaching with a 10% cp gel for 2 h/day for 3 weeks and 35% cp gel for 30 min/day for 3 weeks (n = 10). The custom-made mouth trays were made with a reservoir on only the left side and cut anatomically 1 mm beyond the gingival margin. Smears of the gingival mucosa were obtained by the exfoliation cytology in liquid media technique before (control), immediately after, and 30 and 45 days after the treatment. The samples were processed in the laboratory and evaluated for inflammation. Statistical analysis was carried out by McNemar test, two proportions test, independent paired t-test, and Wilcoxon test with a level of significance of 1%. Results: The presence of a reservoir in the custom tray resulted in an increase of inflammation immediately after the bleaching procedure. No significant differences were found in the degree of inflammation between the two groups at different period of observations. (P > 0.01). Conclusion: Ten percent and 35% cp bleaching gel caused gingival inflammation immediately after the procedure and persisted until 45 days after the bleaching treatment. The use of a reservoir in the custom tray for home bleaching resulted in higher rates and higher intensity of gingival inflammation

Effect of preetching on microleakage with all-in-one adhesives using calcium-based desensitizers: An in vitro study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium-based desensitizers on the microleakage with and without preetching enamel in Class V cavities restored with all-in-one adhesives. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 100 extracted human premolars. A total of 100 box-shaped cavities were divided into five groups (n = 20). Group 1 – no desensitizer was applied and Groups 2 and 4 – desensitizer (CCP-ACP and Novamin) was applied, respectively, followed by the application of G-Bond and restored with composite restoration. Groups 3 and 5 are same as Group 2 and 4, but preetching of enamel was done for 3 s after desensitizers application. The teeth were thermocycled and the specimens were examined for microleakage using methylene blue as a marker. The teeth were sectioned buccolingually and evaluated for microleakage under stereomicroscope and the scores obtained were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: Statistically significant difference existed between Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). There was also statistically significant difference between Groups 4 and 5 (P < 0.05). Groups 3 and 5 showed significantly less microleakage (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in microleakage values was observed between the two desensitizers CCP-ACP and Novamin. Conclusion: The application of calcium-containing desensitizers with selective etch enamel technique in all-in-one adhesives could be considered an advisable procedure to minimize microleakage

Comparative evaluation of cleaning ability of reciproc and waveonegold reciprocating file systems – A scanning electron microscopic study

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the canal cleaning ability of two reciprocating single file systems: Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single root and canal were selected. The samples were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 15 each). Control group (n = 10) has non-instrumented teeth. Working length was determined using #10/15 K files. All the teeth were prepared to a # 25 final apical size following the manufacturer's instructions using crown-down technique. Teeth were sectioned buccolingually and examined under SEM at 20.0 kV and ×700 magnification. SEM images of the coronal, middle and apical third of the canal were taken and then analyzed using a five-score index. Results: The WaveOne Gold group presented a larger amount of debris than the Reciproc Group, however, without a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). A larger amount of debris in the control group was observed, with the statistically significant difference between Reciproc and WaveOne Gold groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The two reciprocating single-file instrumentation systems presented similar effectiveness for root canal cleaning