Increased Oral Dryness and Negative Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Older People with Overweight or Obesity

This cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of older Thai people with obesity and oral health indicators. General and oral conditions were assessed. Oral dryness was determined using the Xerostomia Inventory-11 (XI-11) and clinical oral dryness score (CODS). OHRQoL was evaluated by the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). Participants were aged 60–86 years; 73 (59.3%) were overweight or obese, and 50 (40.7%) were normal weight. Older patients with obesity had almost four times the rate of hypertension (OR = 3.59; 95%CI:1.34–9.60; p = 0.002), more missing teeth (p = 0.025), and higher CODS (p = 0.014) than those without obesity. The total XI-11 scores were positively associated with the total CODS, after adjusting for BMI (r = 0.267, p = 0.003). Those with obesity had almost three times the tendency for a negative OHRQoL compared with the non-obese (OR = 2.73; 95%CI:1.12–6.71; p = 0.04). After adjusting for all related factors, the chances of predicting an OHIP-14 score of four based on obesity and total XI-11 score were 4.42 (95%CI:1.57–12.47; p = 0.005) and 1.11 (95%CI:1.02–1.20; p = 0.013), respectively. Obesity had an increasingly undesirable negative impact on the OHRQoL of older Thai people and was influenced by BMI and oral dryness

Levels of anti-periodontopathic bacteria IgG antibody and CRP according to the presence or absence of MS and severe periodontitis.

<p>Plasma IgG titers to <i>A</i>. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i> were lower in patients with MS than in healthy participants, regardless of periodontal disease status (A). While plasma IgG titers to <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> were significantly higher in individuals with severe periodontitis than those without in both groups of healthy participants and MS patients (B), plasma IgG titers to <i>P</i>. <i>intermedia</i> did not show consistent findings with MS and periodontal status (C). CRP levels increased continuously from healthy participants without periodontitis to patients with MS and severe periodontitis (D).</p

PCR analysis of salivary <i>A</i>. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i>.

<p>PCR analysis of salivary <i>A</i>. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i>.</p

Association of MS and MS components with anti-periodontopathic bacteria IgG antibody and CRP levels as continuous measures adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, education level, and exercise.

<p>Association of MS and MS components with anti-periodontopathic bacteria IgG antibody and CRP levels as continuous measures adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, education level, and exercise.</p

Correlation between anti-periodontopathic bacteria IgG antibody and CRP levels.

<p>Correlation coefficient (r) analyses between anti-<i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> antibody (A); anti-<i>P</i>. <i>intermedia</i> antibody (B) and anti-<i>A</i>. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i> antibody; anti-<i>P</i>. <i>intermedia</i> antibody and anti-<i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> antibody (C); anti-<i>A</i>. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i> antibody (D); anti-<i>P</i>. <i>gingivalis</i> antibody (E); anti-<i>P</i>. <i>intermedia</i> antibody (F) and CRP; controlled for the absence or presence of MS.</p

Risk of MS by anti-periodontopathic bacteria IgG antibody and CRP levels.

<p>Risk of MS by anti-periodontopathic bacteria IgG antibody and CRP levels.</p

Characteristics of individuals [median (first, third quartile), mean±S.D. or n (%)] according to the presence or absence of MS and severe periodontitis.

<p>Characteristics of individuals [median (first, third quartile), mean±S.D. or n (%)] according to the presence or absence of MS and severe periodontitis.</p

Salivary and serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE:Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-18 have been proposed to play important roles in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but human data are conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of IL-17A and IL-18 in periodontitis and DM by measuring salivary and serum levels, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 49 participants with type 2 DM and 25 control subjects without type 2 DM were recruited. A periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index (0, 1-2, 3, and 4) was used to classify whether these subjects had periodontitis. Salivary and serum IL-17A and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between these cytokines and clinical parameters. RESULTS:Salivary IL-17A levels were not significantly different between patients with DM and controls, however, the levels were significantly higher in controls with periodontitis than those without periodontitis (p = 0.031). Salivary IL-17A levels were significantly associated with the PSR index (β = 0.369, p = 0.011). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed the association of salivary IL-18 levels and fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.270, p = 0.022) whereas serum IL-18 levels were associated with HbA1C (β = 0.293, p = 0.017). No correlation between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18 was found. CONCLUSION:Salivary IL-17A was strongly associated with periodontitis, whereas salivary IL-18 was associated with FPG and serum IL-18 was associated with HbA1C. These results suggest the role of these cytokines in periodontal inflammation and DM