Ewing’s sarcoma or peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor at the base of tongue: a rare location case report

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor now termed as Ewings sarcoma/PNET, representing a family of tumors with varying degrees of neuronal differentiation and genetic rearrangements. Most common sites are extraosseous involving trunk and lower limb. Base of tongue is a very rare site for Ewing’s/PNET, hence in view of rarity of the location as an uncommon presentation, the case has been reported for the better understanding and supporting the literature with the similar finding. A 68 years old female patient presented with the complaint of difficulty in swallowing since 3 months. On examination growth was identified at the left side base of tongue. Biopsy was processed and stained with H&E and other relevant markers. Differentials on the basis microscopic examination were lymphoma, neuroendocrine tumor and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Various immunohistochemical markers to rule out the given differential were used. The tumor was positive for CD 99 and vimentin. The case was repored as PNET. Peripheral PNET is a challenging topic. Wide range of extraosseous locations have been observed but head and neck being less reported needs to be studied for understanding the behavior of this highly malignant disease in this rare location so that patient can be benefitted by advanced multimodality treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Effect of different modes of pollination on quantitative and qualitative parameters of Egyptian Clover, Trifolium alexandrinum L.

The effect of different modes of pollination on quantitative and qualitative parameters of Egyptian clover, Trifolium alexandrinum L. was studied at Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2012 and 2013. Maximum seed setting (81.5%) was recorded in A. mellifera pollination with an 8 frame colony (BP-8F) followed by 4 frame colony (BP-4F) (75.1%), open pollination (OP) (73.8%) and 2 frame colony (BP-2F) (71.5%). Maximum seed yield (2662.3 seeds) was observed in treatment BP-8F followed by BP-4F (2373.8), OP (2316.3) and BP-2F (2235.5). Still lower yield of 2103.0 seeds was found in hand pollination (HP) treatment that was significantly higher than the without insect pollination (WIP) treatment (1114.2). Minimum 1000-seed weight was observed in WIP (2.64 g). The seed weight of BP-4F (3.30), HP (3.20), BP-2F (3.17) and OP (3.03), the heaviest seeds were recorded in BP-8F (3.62 g/1000 grains) and it was at par with the treatment BP-4F (3.30 g). Highest seed germination per cent was recorded in BP-8F (94.7) followed by OP (90.7%). Lowest germination was found in WIP (84.7%). Though some work has been done on this aspect in India but comprehensive pollination studies has not been worked out

Ekspresija gena za imunološki odgovor nakon izazivačke infekcije u indijskih šarana rohu (Labeo rohita) cijepljenih modificiranom formulacijom proteina R vanjske membrane bakterije Aeromonas hydrophila

Although vaccination and post-vaccination studies have gained considerable importance in the field of aquaculture diseases, little is understood about the mechanism of immune-protection in vaccinated fish following infection. In the present study, an attempt was made to discover the mechanism of protection rendered by a modified adjuvant-based recombinant outer membrane protein R (rOmpR) vaccine, in rohu, Labeo rohita (an important Indian major carp species) following a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. For this, expression analysis of an array of immune molecules (IgM, complement factor 3, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 15, MHC I and MHC II) was carried out in the anterior kidney tissues of vaccinated fish, at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h post-challenge. Higher transcript levels of IgM, MHC I and MHC II were evident in the mineral oil-based OmpR vaccinated and modified adjuvant-based OmpR-vaccinated groups, at different time points post-challenge, including the non-challenged fish. Early onset of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of most of the immune genes was more pronounced in vaccinated fish at different time points post-challenge, thus indicating a better immune response in these fish. This study indicated the activation of both humoral and cell mediated immunity in vaccinated rohu following a challenge with A. hydrophila.Iako su cijepljenje i istraživanja nakon cijepljenja znatno dobila na važnosti u borbi protiv bolesti u akvakulturi, malo se zna o mehanizmu imunološke zaštite u cijepljenih riba nakon izazivačke infekcije. U ovom se istraživanju pokušalo rasvijetliti mehanizam zaštite nakon cijepljenja modificiranim cjepivom pripravljenim od rekombinantnog proteina R (rOmpR) vezanog na adjuvans u vrste Labeo rohita (za Indiju važne vrste šarana) i izazivačke infekcije vrstom Aeromonas hydrophila. U tu svrhu analizirana je ekspresija niza imunosnih molekula (IgM, faktor 3 komplementa, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, faktor tumorske nekroze α, interleukin 15, MHC I and MHC II) u bubrežnim tkivima cijepljenih riba 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 i 120 h nakon izazivačke infekcije. Više razine transkripata IgM, MHC I i MHC II bile su očite u skupina cijepljenih OmpR-om s mineralnim uljem kao adjuvansom i modificiranim OmpR-om s mineralnim uljem u različitim vremenskim razmacima nakon izazivačke infekcije kao i onih koje nisu bile podvrgnute izazivačkoj infekciji. Rana pojava proupalnih citokina i ekspresije većine imunosnih gena bila je više izražena u cijepljenih riba u različitim vremenskim točkama nakon izazivačke infekcije što upućuje na bolji imunosni odgovor u tih riba. Ovo istraživanje naznačuje aktivaciju i humoralne i stanične imunosti u cijepljenih rohu riba nakon izazivačke infekcije bakterijom A. hydrophila

Multiple Analytical Approaches Reveal Distinct Gene-Environment Interactions in Smokers and Non Smokers in Lung Cancer

Complex disease such as cancer results from interactions of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Studying these factors singularly cannot explain the underlying pathogenetic mechanism of the disease. Multi-analytical approach, including logistic regression (LR), classification and regression tree (CART) and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), was applied in 188 lung cancer cases and 290 controls to explore high order interactions among xenobiotic metabolizing genes and environmental risk factors. Smoking was identified as the predominant risk factor by all three analytical approaches. Individually, CYP1A1*2A polymorphism was significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (OR = 1.69;95%CI = 1.11–2.59,p = 0.01), whereas EPHX1 Tyr113His and SULT1A1 Arg213His conferred reduced risk (OR = 0.40;95%CI = 0.25–0.65,p<0.001 and OR = 0.51;95%CI = 0.33–0.78,p = 0.002 respectively). In smokers, EPHX1 Tyr113His and SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphisms reduced the risk of lung cancer, whereas CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C and GSTP1 Ile105Val imparted increased risk in non-smokers only. While exploring non-linear interactions through CART analysis, smokers carrying the combination of EPHX1 113TC (Tyr/His), SULT1A1 213GG (Arg/Arg) or AA (His/His) and GSTM1 null genotypes showed the highest risk for lung cancer (OR = 3.73;95%CI = 1.33–10.55,p = 0.006), whereas combined effect of CYP1A1*2A 6235CC or TC, SULT1A1 213GG (Arg/Arg) and betel quid chewing showed maximum risk in non-smokers (OR = 2.93;95%CI = 1.15–7.51,p = 0.01). MDR analysis identified two distinct predictor models for the risk of lung cancer in smokers (tobacco chewing, EPHX1 Tyr113His, and SULT1A1 Arg213His) and non-smokers (CYP1A1*2A, GSTP1 Ile105Val and SULT1A1 Arg213His) with testing balance accuracy (TBA) of 0.6436 and 0.6677 respectively. Interaction entropy interpretations of MDR results showed non-additive interactions of tobacco chewing with SULT1A1 Arg213His and EPHX1 Tyr113His in smokers and SULT1A1 Arg213His with GSTP1 Ile105Val and CYP1A1*2C in nonsmokers. These results identified distinct gene-gene and gene environment interactions in smokers and non-smokers, which confirms the importance of multifactorial interaction in risk assessment of lung cancer

Genetic analysis of CMS, restorer, hybrid and open-pollinated genotypes of Indian pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] using ISSR markers

340-348Genetic diversity and relationships among 20 Indian pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] genotypes representing the commercially important hybrids, cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, restorer (res) lines and open pollinated varieties (opv) were assessed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 349 reproducible bands (73 monomorphic, 276 polymorphic) were detected using 30 UBC#9 ISSR primers with polymorphism percentage of 79.1%. Fortyfive of the polymorphic bands were in fact the unique bands that were present or absent exclusively in only one of the 20 genotypes. A set of two or any five ISSR-PCR assays were sufficient to clearly distinguish among the 20 genotypes. The salient features of ISSR marker data analyzed using clustering algorithms (NTSYS-Pc and Win Boot) and principal component analysis (two-dimensional, NTSYS-pc) are as given below: (i) all the four restorer lines, which have been widely used for hybrid production, were clustered in a single group, which is indicative of their narrow genetic base, (ii) the seven CMS lines, which are basically bred from Tift23A or Tift23A derived lines after crosses/backcrosses with some downy mildew resistance sources, displayed low to moderate levels of polymorphism, (iii) the three OPVs were quite diverse with HC-20 being more distant to HC-10 and HC-4, and (iv) hybrids such as HHB-60 and HHB-67, with same restorer parentage exhibited greater relatedness. The high resolution and reproducibility of ISSR-PCR assay shown in this study shall provide a simple, rapid and cost-effective system for the characterization of huge collection of germplasm and testing of purity of genetic stocks/hybrids. The study also demonstrates the need for selecting/generating genetically diverse restorer as well as CMS lines for the breeding of genetically diverse hybrids in pearl millet

STUDY OF PULMONARY FUNCTIONS IN SWIMMERS OF LUCKNOW CITY

Abstract, In this study, the (!lIlmonl&apos;lry fUllctions of young~wimmers of K D

Impedance spectroscopic and dielectric properties of nanosized Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic

Yttrium Copper Titanate (Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12) nanoceramic is structurally analogous to CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO). X-ray diffraction (XRD) of Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (YCTO) shows the presence of all normal peaks of CCTO. SEM micrograph exhibits the presence of bimodal grains of size ranging from 1–2 μm. Bright field TEM image clearly displays nanocrystalline particle which is supported by presence of a few clear rings in the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. It exhibits a high value of dielectric constant (ε′ = 8434) at room temperature and 100 Hz frequency with characteristic relaxation peaks. Impedance and modulus studies revealed the presence of temperature-dependent Maxwell–Wagner type of relaxation in the ceramic

Influence of Human Lactoferrin Expression on Iron Homeostasis, Flavonoids, and Antioxidants in Transgenic Tobacco

This study was aimed at to check the influence of human lactoferrin (hLF) expression on iron homeostasis, flavonoids, and antioxidants in transgenic tobacco. Transgenic tobacco expressing hLF cDNA under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter was produced. The iron content as well as chlorophyll content of transgenic tobacco was lower compared to mock and untransformed wild plants. Interestingly, hLF transgenic tobacco showed higher level of transcript expression for genes related to iron content regulation like iron transporter and metal transporter. While expression of genes related to iron storage such as ferritin 1 and ferritin 2 was downregulated. The transcript expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase was downregulated in hLF transgenic tobacco compared to controls. Further, the transcript expression of two important genes encoding dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase regulatory enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was analyzed. The expression of DFR was found to be downregulated, while PAL expression was upregulated in hLF transgenic tobacco compared to mock and untransformed wild plant. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins contents were found to be higher in hLF transgenic tobacco than the mock and untransformed wild plan