Chiral anomalies in 3D spin-orbit coupled metals: electrical, thermal, and gravitational anomaly

The discovery of a chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals, the non-conservation of chiral charge and energy across two opposite chirality Weyl nodes, has sparked immense interest in understanding its impact on various physical phenomena. Here, we demonstrate the existence of electrical, thermal, and gravitational quantum chiral anomalies in 3D spin-orbit coupled systems. Notably, these anomalies involve chiral charge transfer across two Fermi surfaces linked to a single Weyl-like point, rather than across opposite chirality Weyl nodes as in Weyl semimetals. Our findings reveal that the Berry curvature flux piercing the Fermi surface plays a critical role in distinguishing the `chirality' of the carriers and the corresponding chiral charge and energy transfer. Importantly, we demonstrate that these quantum chiral anomalies lead to interesting thermal spin transport such as the spin Nernst effect. Our results suggest that 3D spin-orbit coupled metals offer a promising platform for investigating the interplay between quantum chiral anomalies and charge and spin transport in non-relativistic systems.Comment: 14 pages, and 4 figures. Seeking feedback, criticism or comments on this pape

Nonlinear magnetoconductivity in Weyl and multi-Weyl semimetal in quantizing magnetic field

Magnetotransport and magneto-optics experiments offer a very powerful probe for studying the physical properties of materials. Here, we investigate the second-order nonlinear magnetoconductivity of tilted type-I Weyl and multi-Weyl semimetal. In contrast to the presence of chiral anomaly in the linear response regime, we show that Weyl semimetal do not host chiral charge pumping in the nonlinear transport regime. We predict that an inversion symmetry broken and tilted Weyl semimetal can support finite longitudinal nonlinear magnetoconductivity, which is otherwise absent in untilted Weyl semimetal. The nonlinear magnetoconductivity vanishes in the ultra-quantum limit, oscillates in the intermediate magnetic field regime and saturates in the semiclassical limit. The nonlinear magnetoconductivity depends intricately on the tilt orientation, and it can be used to determine the tilt orientation in Weyl and multi-Weyl semimetals, via nonlinear magnetoresistivity or second harmonic generation experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, Comments are welcom

Procarbazine, CCNU and vincristine (PCV) versus temozolomide chemotherapy for patients with low-grade glioma: a systematic review.

Low-grade gliomas (LGG) encompass a heterogeneous group of tumors that are clinically, histologically and molecularly diverse. Treatment decisions for patients with LGG are directed toward improving upon the natural history while limiting treatment-associated toxiceffects. Recent evidence has documented a utility for adjuvant chemotherapy with procarbazine, CCNU (lomustine), and vincristine (PCV) or temozolomide (TMZ). We sought to determine the comparative utility of PCV and TMZ for patients with LGG, particularly in context of molecular subtype. A literature search of PubMed was conducted to identify studies reporting patient response to PCV, TMZ, or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT). Eligibility criteria included patients 16 years of age and older, notation of LGG subtype, and report of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment course. Level I, II, and III data were included. Adjuvant therapy with PCV resulted in prolonged PFS and OS in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk LGG. This benefit was accrued most significantly by patients with tumors harboring 1p/19q codeletion and IDH1 mutation. Adjuvant therapy with temozolomide was associated with lower toxicity than therapy with PCV. In patients with LGG with an unfavorable natural history, such as with intact 1p/19q and wild-type IDH1, RT/TMZ plus adjuvant TMZ may be the best option. Patients with biologically favorable high-risk LGG are likely to derive the most benefit from RT and adjuvant PCV

Associations between Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Markers

Body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer biomarkers (BCBs) such asresistin, leptin adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) arehighly associated with each other. The report has focused the inter-relationship between BMI and BCBs based on probabilistic modeling. It hasbeen shown that mean BMI is directly associated with leptin (P<0.0001)and MCP-1 (P=0.0002), while it is inversely associated with adiponectin(P=0.0003), HOMA-IR (P<0.0001), and it is higher for healthy women(P=0.0116) than breast cancer women. In addition, variance of BMIis inversely associated with resistin (P=0.1450). On the other hand,mean MCP-1 is directly associated with BMI (P<0.0001). Mean resistin is directly associated with the interaction effect of BMI and leptin(BMI*Leptin) (P=0.0415), while its variance is directly associated withBMI (P=0.0942), and it is inversely associated with BMI*Adiponectin(P=0.1518). Leptin is directly associated with BMI (P<0.0001). Alsoadiponectin is inversely associated with BMI (P<0.0001), BMI*Leptin(P=0.1729), while it is directly associated with Age*BMI (P=0.0017)and BMI*Resistin (P=0.0615). It can be concluded that BMI and BCBsare strongly associated with each other. Care should be taken on BMI forbreast cancer women

BMP Signaling Mediates Effects of Exercise on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition in Mice

Exposure to exercise or to environmental enrichment increases the generation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus and promotes certain kinds of learning and memory. While the precise role of neurogenesis in cognition has been debated intensely, comparatively few studies have addressed the mechanisms linking environmental exposures to cellular and behavioral outcomes. Here we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling mediates the effects of exercise on neurogenesis and cognition in the adult hippocampus. Elective exercise reduces levels of hippocampal BMP signaling before and during its promotion of neurogenesis and learning. Transgenic mice with decreased BMP signaling or wild type mice infused with a BMP inhibitor both exhibit remarkable gains in hippocampal cognitive performance and neurogenesis, mirroring the effects of exercise. Conversely, transgenic mice with increased BMP signaling have diminished hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired cognition. Exercise exposure does not rescue these deficits, suggesting that reduced BMP signaling is required for environmental effects on neurogenesis and learning. Together, these observations show that BMP signaling is a fundamental mechanism linking environmental exposure with changes in cognitive function and cellular properties in the hippocampus

Progression-Free but No Overall Survival Benefit for Adult Patients with Bevacizumab Therapy for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common high-grade primary brain tumor in adults. Standard multi-modality treatment of glioblastoma with surgery, temozolomide chemotherapy, and radiation results in transient tumor control but inevitably gives way to disease progression. The need for additional therapeutic avenues for patients with GBM led to interest in anti-angiogenic therapies, and in particular, bevacizumab. We sought to determine the efficacy of bevacizumab as a treatment for newly diagnosed GBM. We conducted a literature search using the PubMed database and Google Scholar to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) since 2014 investigating the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab in the treatment of adult patients (18 years and older) with newly diagnosed GBM. Only Level Ι data that reported progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were included for analysis. Random effects meta-analyses on studies with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were conducted in R to estimate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS. Six RCTs met requirements for meta-analysis, revealing a pooled estimate of PFS HR suggesting a 33% decreased risk of disease progression (HR 0.67, 95% CI, 0.58-0.78; p \u3c 0.001) with bevacizumab therapy, but no effect on OS (HR = 1, 95% CI, 0.85-1.18; p = 0.97). A pooled estimate of the mean difference in OS months of -0.13 predicts little difference in time of survival between treatment groups (95% CI, -1.87-1.61). The pooled estimate for the mean difference in PFS months was 2.70 (95% CI, 1.89-3.50; p \u3c 0.001). Meta-analysis shows that bevacizumab therapy is associated with a longer PFS in adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, but had an inconsistent effect on OS in this patient population

Odonates of three selected tiger reserves of Madhya Pradesh, Central India

Odonates (Damselflies and Dragonflies) were recorded from three Tiger Reserves of Madhya Pradesh, Central India, including Kanha, Pench and Bandhavgarh, where 47 species were recorded within 7 families and 31 genera. We recorded 44 species from Kanha, 41 species from Pench and 37 species from Bandhabgarh Tiger Reserve. Thirty-five species were recorded in all three tiger reserves. Suborder Zygoptera was represented by the families Coenagrionidae, Lestidae, Calopterygidae and Protoneuridae and suborder Anisoptera by the families Gomphidae, Libellulidae and Aeshnidae. Libellulidae was the largest family with 17 genera. In summer survey Orthetrum sabina Drury, 1770 was the most abundant species, while in winter the most abundant was Agriocnemis pygmea Rambur, 1842

BMP signaling mediates glioma stem cell quiescence and confers treatment resistance in glioblastoma.

Despite advances in therapy, glioblastoma remains an incurable disease with a dismal prognosis. Recent studies have implicated cancer stem cells within glioblastoma (glioma stem cells, GSCs) as mediators of therapeutic resistance and tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the role of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which has been found to play an integral role in the maintenance of stem cell homeostasis within multiple stem cell systems, as a mediator of stem-like cells in glioblastoma. We find that BMP and TGF-β signaling define divergent molecular and functional identities in glioblastoma, and mark relatively quiescent and proliferative GSCs, respectively. Treatment of GSCs with BMP inhibits cell proliferation, but does not abrogate their stem-ness, as measured by self-renewal and tumorigencity. Further, BMP pathway activation confers relative resistance to radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy. Our findings define a quiescent cancer stem cell population in glioblastoma that may be a cellular reservoir for tumor recurrence following cytotoxic therapy