Ranking of 11 coastal halophytes from salt marshes in northwest Turkey according their salt tolerance

Salt-affected soils with high electrolyte contents limit the development of the majority of plants and serve as a habitat only for such species (halophytes) that can survive the conditions. To date, there is still much that is unknown about the physiological mechanisms, including ion relationships, that make plants salt-resistant. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a method of ranking plants for their salt tolerance. A total of 11 coastal halophytes of the Kavak Delta were evaluated for their ability to cope with different soil salinities. For this, electrical conductivities of soils (of up to 135 dS m(-1)) were recorded and a total of 100 plant samples, including plant roots, were taken from a depth of 0-15 cm in the soil. The halophytes were ranked in the following order from highest to moderate salt tolerance: Halocnemum strobilaceum >= Salicornia fragilis >= Arthrocnemum fruticosum = Suaeda prostrata >= Salsola kali = Petrosimonia brachiata >= Juncus maritimus = Aeluropus littoralis >= Halimione portulacoides = Limonium graecum >= Artemisia santonicum. The Na+/K+ ratios of leaves perfectly reflected the salinity tolerance ranking of all halophytic species examined. It proved possible to rank the salt tolerance of halophytes by assessment of the electrical conductivity of the soil in which they grew naturally; tolerance was well predicted by the Na+/K+ ratio in the shoots

Tıbbi Araştırmalarda Biyoistatistiğin Önemi

Importance of Biostatistics in Medical Researche

Clinical Picture at Attendance and Response to Flexible Family-Based Low-Carb Life Style Change in Children With Obesity

Aim: The study aims 1) to determine the clinical status of obese children at the admittance to the pediatric endocrinology referral center 2) to investigate the efficiency and compliance of the low-carb diet in a pediatric population with or without exercise, metformin Material and Methods: All subjects with the complaint of obesity and BMI percentile >95 were recruited from January 2012-August 2014. We evaluated basal retrospectively, recommended low carbohydrate family-wide eating practice and exercise to all, and metformin to selected cases, and recorded Self-reported adherence at first, third, sixth, and twelfth months. Results: Thirty-six subjects used metformin with a higher ratio of weight loss (90.0%, p=0.010) without a difference in the number of lost kilograms. In 160 cases without metformin; diet only, exercise only, and both diet and exercise groups lost weight significantly according to neither diet nor exercise group (OR:12.08, 95% CI 3.93-41.66, p<0.001; OR:3.04, 95% CI 1.18-7.84, p=0.022 and OR:32.80, 95% CI 7.14-150.77, p<0.001 respectively). Exercise plus diet (95.3%, p=0,002) and only diet (88.9%, p=0,023) were even more efficient than exercise alone (65.5%). In the twelfth month, 13.8% were on follow-up. Conclusion: Obesity gives rise to metabolic complications in the very early stages. A low carbohydrate diet proved to be acceptable and useful. Long-term consistency remains a challenge

The time-varying causality between exchange rates and ınflation in Turkey: evidence from 1989-2020

Ulusal ekonomilerin küreselleşmesi ve ekonomik özgürlüklerin yaygınlaşması döviz kurlarının iktisadi göstergeler üzerindeki etkinliğini artırmıştır. Döviz kurları ve enflasyonun birbiri üzerindeki etkileri ve enflasyonun mikro, makro ve uluslararası ekonomik sistem üzerindeki bilinen rolü farklı dönemlerde bu değişkenlerin ilişkisinin yakından takibini gerektirmektedir. Türkiye ekonomisinde sermaye hareketlerinin serbestleştirilmesi sonrasında dalgalanan döviz kurları ve yüksek enflasyon, kronikleşen istikrarsız ekonomik ortamın en önemli sebepleri olarak görülmektedir. Bu değişkenlerin etkin yönetilmesi ve ekonomik performansın artırılması bu iki değişkenden hangisinin diğerinin nedeni olduğunun araştırılmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle de döviz kuru ve enflasyon arasındaki ilişkiyi farklı dönem ve farklı ekonometrik yöntemlerle test eden çalışmaların sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 1989M01-2020M07 döneminde döviz kuru ve enflasyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ekonometrik zaman serisi yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı analiz kapsamında, döviz kurunu temsilen reel efektif döviz kuru ve enflasyonu temsilen tüketici fiyatlarındaki aylık değişim oranı kullanılmıştır. Serilerin durağanlık düzeyleri yapısal kırılmaları dikkate almayan ADF ve PP testleri ve yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan ZA birim kök testiyle araştırılmıştır. Daha sonra değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Hacker ve Hatemi-J (2006) bootstrap nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Bu teste ait sonuçlar, reel efektif döviz kurundan enflasyona doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca nedenselliğin zamana bağlı olarak değişimini incelemek için zamanla değişen nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Test sonuçları, değişkenler arasında farklı dönemlerde nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle ekonomik ya da siyasi krizlerin olduğu dönemlerde değişkenler arasında güçlü nedensel ilişkilerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar fiyatlar genel düzeyinde istikrarı sağlamak için uygulanacak politikaların döviz kurunda denge sağlayıcı etkiler yaratacağı ve döviz kurunda istikrarı sağlayacak politikaların da eş zamanlı olarak enflasyonu kontrol altında tutmaya yardımcı olacağını göstermektedir.The globalization of national economies and the spread of economic freedoms have increased the effectiveness of exchange rates on economic indicators. The effects of exchange rates and inflation on each other and the known role of inflation on the micro, macro and international economic system require close monitoring of the relationship between these variables in different periods. Fluctuating exchange rates and high inflation after the liberalization of capital movements in the Turkish economy are seen as the most important reasons of the chronic unstable economic environment. In order to manage these variables effectively and to increase economic performance require investigation of which of these two variables is the cause of the other. For this reason, the number of studies that test the relationship between exchange rate and inflation with different econometric methods is increasing day by day. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between exchange rate and inflation in Turkey in the period 1989M01-2020M07. Within the scope of the analysis using econometric time series methods, the real effective exchange rate representing the exchange rate and the monthly rate of change in consumer prices representing inflation were used. The stationarity levels of the series were investigated by ADF and PP tests, which do not take into account structural breaks, and the ZA unit root test, which takes structural breaks into account. Then, Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006) bootstrap causality test was used to determine the causality relationship between variables. The results of this test show that there is a one-way causality relationship from real effective exchange rate to inflation. In addition, time varying causality test was applied to examine the change of causality with time. Test results showed that there is a causality relationship between variables at different periods. It has been determined that there are strong causal relationships between variables, especially in periods of economic or political crises. These results indicate that policies to be implemented to ensure stability at the general level of prices will create balancing effects on the exchange rate, and policies that will ensure stability in the exchange rate will simultaneously help keep inflation under control

Türkiye’de İş Geliştirme Merkezlerinde (İŞGEM) Yer Alan Kiracı Firmaların Hayatta Kalma Performansı

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of business incubator programs and its services on tenant firm performance. In this context, the effect of business incubator services on firms’ survival was examined through the case of Turkey’s Business Development Centers (İŞGEMs). The scope of this research consist of 414 firms, 238 firms which exist in incubators located in Adana, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Ereğli, Eskişehir, Mersin, Nevşehir, Samsun, Tarsus, Van, Yozgat and Zonguldak İŞGEMs and 176 firms which left these incubators before. Within the framework of research model, business incubator services were categorized as (1) office services, (2) shared/common services, (3) education/training services and (4) counseling services and include total of 22 sub-services. As a research methodology, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used. As a result of the research models, it was concluded that all service groups have significant and positive effects on firms’ survival probabilities

The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes: a meta-analysis study

Severe impact of COVID-19 on nursing homes and the morbidity and mortality rates in nursing home residents can be higher than in the community during a pandemic. This study aimed to meta-analyse the COVID-19 attack, fatality and mortality rates among nursing home residents and to meta-analyse the risk ratio values by comparing these rates with those of the countries in which the nursing homes are located. The data was obtained from COVID-19 attack, mortality, and fatality rates of nursing home residents. Additional meta-analysis was performed using risk ratio calculated by dividing the data obtained from nursing homes by the expected numbers calculated using case, death, and population data from COVID-19. A total of 6,758,241 COVID-19 patients from 8 different countries and 19 studies were included during the meta-analysis study period. In nursing home residents compared to the general population, the risk ratio (95%CI) for COVID-19 attack rate was 148.19 (99.45 to 220.82), the mortality rate was 341.16 (211.94 to 549.15), and the fatality rate was 2.36 (1.90 to 2.93) (each p<0.001). A meta-analysis of well-documented studies has shown that community morbidity and mortality rates can reach higher levels compared to community during a pandemic. Finding the exact causes can only be achieved after adjusting nursing home infection rates with regional rates. To ensure better community management of the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent future pandemics, preventive measures should be taken earlier

İşletme Kuluçkaları ve Bölgesel Kalkınma: Kavramsal Çerçeve ve Literatür Bulguları

There are many support mechanisms for supporting newly established firms. Business incubators, one of them, are generally focused on supporting and promoting entrepreneurship, increasing employment through creating new job opportunities, enhancing local, regional and national R&D and innovativeness. The term of “incubator” is used to define supporting institutions to growth and survival of new firms. Business incubators are becoming a basic component of regional and national economic development strategies in many countries. In this study, the importance of business incubators in terms of local and regional economic development is discussed. Firstly, the concept of “business incubator” will be examined in terms of theoretical and conceptual perspective. Secondly, the importance of business incubators for regional development will be mentioned. Then, some recommendations based on the findings of the literature will be presented for using business incubators as a tool for regional development

İşletme Kuluçkaları ve Bölgesel Kalkınma: Kavramsal Çerçeve ve Literatür Bulguları

There are many support mechanisms for supporting newly established firms. Business incubators, one of them, are generally focused on supporting and promoting entrepreneurship, increasing employment through creating new job opportunities, enhancing local, regional and national R&D and innovativeness. The term of “incubator” is used to define supporting institutions to growth and survival of new firms. Business incubators are becoming a basic component of regional and national economic development strategies in many countries. In this study, the importance of business incubators in terms of local and regional economic development is discussed. Firstly, the concept of “business incubator” will be examined in terms of theoretical and conceptual perspective. Secondly, the importance of business incubators for regional development will be mentioned. Then, some recommendations based on the findings of the literature will be presented for using business incubators as a tool for regional development

Sequential left internal mammary artery grafting in combination with the aortic no-touch technique

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes achieved with off-pump bypass combined with the aortic no-touch technique where sequential anastomoses between the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), left anterior descending (LAD) and diagonal artery were employed. Material and methods: A total of 583 patients (mean age 63, 80% male) who underwent off-pump bypass (LIMA-diagonal-LAD sequential) were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Data regarding the frequency of in-hospital postoperative complications, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and inotropic agent requirement, re-exploration for bleeding, and length of hospital stay were collected. Anastomosis patency was evaluated in 49 patients who underwent angiography. Results: 2.6% of the participants received inotropic agents and 0.5% required IABP. Frequency of acute renal failure, sternal wound infection, cerebrovascular event, respiratory failure, and hemodialysis was less than 1% in total. Among the 49 patients undergoing angiography at an average 41 ±17 months after bypass, the LIMA-LAD was patent in 98% and the LIMA-diagonal was patent in 84% of the subjects. Preoperative left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and recent myocardial infarction (MI) prior to bypass were significantly correlated with postoperative IABP and inotropic agent requirement (r = 0.165, p < 0.01 for LVEF, p = 0.021 for recent MI). Conclusions: Off-pump bypass in combination with the aortic no-touch technique is associated with favorable postoperative outcomes including reduced postoperative stroke, renal dysfunction, IABP, and inotropic agent requirement compared to the results of previous randomized prospective studies published in the literature. © 2022 Termedia Publishing House Ltd.. All rights reserved

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND SERUM OXYTOCIN AND HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-70 LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS OF PARENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and oxytocin levels, attachment and perceived social support levels in adolescents with parental bipolar disorder (BD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ). Subjects and Methods: This study included 9 adolescents with SCZ parents, 30 adolescents with BD parents and 31 healthy adolescents. Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Relationship Scale Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (RSQ-A) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to all participants. In addition, serum HSP-70 and oxytocin levels were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of attachment style, psychiatric symptoms and perceived social support. Serum HSP-70 levels were found to be lower in adolescents whose parents had BD. Serum oxytocin levels of the SCZ group were significantly lower than those of the BD group. Conclusions: HSP-70 level was found to be lower in adolescents with BD parents. Oxytocin level was found to be lower in adolescents with SCZ parents. These findings suggest that HSP-70 and oxytocin may be a marker of early life stress in adolescents with parental psychopathology. However, studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between attachment, oxytocin and HSP-70 in adolescents exposed to parental psychopathology in early life