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Cytochrome P450 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD): therapeutic and pathophysiological implications.
The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored cytochromes P450 (P450s) are mixed-function oxidases engaged in the biotransformation of physiologically relevant endobiotics as well as of myriad xenobiotics of therapeutic and environmental relevance. P450 ER-content and hence function is regulated by their coordinated hemoprotein syntheses and proteolytic turnover. Such P450 proteolytic turnover occurs through a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD) that involves ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation (UPD) and/or autophagic-lysosomal degradation (ALD). Herein, on the basis of available literature reports and our own recent findings of in vitro as well as in vivo experimental studies, we discuss the therapeutic and pathophysiological implications of altered P450 ERAD and its plausible clinical relevance. We specifically (i) describe the P450 ERAD-machinery and how it may be repurposed for the generation of antigenic P450 peptides involved in P450 autoantibody pathogenesis in drug-induced acute hypersensitivity reactions and liver injury, or viral hepatitis; (ii) discuss the relevance of accelerated or disrupted P450-ERAD to the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of clinically relevant P450 drug substrates; and (iii) detail the pathophysiological consequences of disrupted P450 ERAD, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) under certain synergistic cellular conditions
The effect of a market factor on information flow between stocks using minimal spanning tree
We empirically investigated the effects of market factors on the information
flow created from N(N-1)/2 linkage relationships among stocks. We also examined
the possibility of employing the minimal spanning tree (MST) method, which is
capable of reducing the number of links to N-1. We determined that market
factors carry important information value regarding information flow among
stocks. Moreover, the information flow among stocks evidenced time-varying
properties according to the changes in market status. In particular, we noted
that the information flow increased dramatically during periods of market
crises. Finally, we confirmed, via the MST method, that the information flow
among stocks could be assessed effectively with the reduced linkage
relationships among all links between stocks from the perspective of the
overall market
Two-dimensional heterogeneous photonic bandedge laser
We proposed and realized a two-dimensional (2D) photonic bandedge laser
surrounded by the photonic bandgap. The heterogeneous photonic crystal
structure consists of two triangular lattices of the same lattice constant with
different air hole radii. The photonic crystal laser was realized by
room-temperature optical pumping of air-bridge slabs of InGaAsP quantum wells
emitting at 1.55 micrometer. The lasing mode was identified from its spectral
positions and polarization directions. A low threshold incident pump power of
0.24mW was achieved. The measured characteristics of the photonic crystal
lasers closely agree with the results of real space and Fourier space
calculations based on the finite-difference time-domain method.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Customizing an English-Korean Machine Translation System for Patent Translation
PACLIC 21 / Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea / November 1-3, 200
Humanitarian Supply Chain/Logistics: Roadmap to Effective Relief Effort
Between the years of 2000 and 2012, natural disasters caused 1.7 trillion dollars in damage and affected 2.9 billion people (dosomething.org). In Americas (ranked second globally in terms of natural disasters) between 2007 and 2016, disasters caused 255,033 deaths, 898,816 injuries and damages worth 175 billion in damage with 8,700 lives (Munich RE, 2017). The above numbers reflect the amount of physical destruction only but do not include indirect losses such as unemployment, environmental consequences, and business disruptions. Therefore, the full impact of these catastrophic events is much greater than these numbers suggest. Response to and management of disaster relief supply chain is different from that of commercial supply chain/logistics in many aspects. Since humanitarian relief efforts depend to a large extent on international donors and the donors usually respond well to emergency, a well thought out long term strategic plan to relive human suffering is not well established. But studies indicate that investment in the planning stage of humanitarian supply chain is much more effective and saves many lives than spending on the operation side of relief efforts.
This paper explores alternative ways to respond and manage humanitarian relief efforts utilizing the principles of commercial supply chain. More specifically, this paper addresses/outlines the process to improve relief outcomes by investing in the prepared stage of humanitarian supply chain
Blow-up dynamics for smooth finite energy radial data solutions to the self-dual Chern-Simons-Schr\"odinger equation
We consider the finite-time blow-up dynamics of solutions to the self-dual
Chern-Simons-Schr\"odinger (CSS) equation (also referred to as the Jackiw-Pi
model) near the radial soliton with the least -norm (ground state).
While a formal application of pseudoconformal symmetry to gives rise to an
-continuous curve of initial data sets whose solutions blow up in finite
time, they all have infinite energy due to the slow spatial decay of . In
this paper, we exhibit initial data sets that are smooth finite energy radial
perturbations of , whose solutions blow up in finite time. Interestingly,
their blow-up rate differs from the pseudoconformal rate by a power of
logarithm. Applying pseudoconformal symmetry in reverse, this also yields a
first example of an infinite-time blow-up solution, whose blow-up profile
contracts at a logarithmic rate.
Our analysis builds upon the ideas of previous works of the first two authors
on (CSS) [21,22], as well as the celebrated works on energy-critical geometric
equations by Merle, Rapha\"el, and Rodnianski [33,38]. A notable feature of
this paper is a systematic use of nonlinear covariant conjugations by the
covariant Cauchy-Riemann operators in all parts of the argument. This not only
overcomes the nonlocality of the problem, which is the principal challenge for
(CSS), but also simplifies the structure of nonlinearity arising in the proof.Comment: 80 page
Real-time 3-D Mapping with Estimating Acoustic Materials
This paper proposes a real-time system integrating an acoustic material
estimation from visual appearance and an on-the-fly mapping in the 3-dimension.
The proposed method estimates the acoustic materials of surroundings in indoor
scenes and incorporates them to a 3-D occupancy map, as a robot moves around
the environment. To estimate the acoustic material from the visual cue, we
apply the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation CNN network based on the
assumption that the visual appearance and the acoustic materials have a strong
association. Furthermore, we introduce an update policy to handle the material
estimations during the online mapping process. As a result, our environment map
with acoustic material can be used for sound-related robotics applications,
such as sound source localization taking into account various acoustic
propagation (e.g., reflection)
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