On Three Potential Sources of Comprehensible Input for Second Language Acquisition

Three potential sources of comprehensible input for second language acquisition are examined: Modified Input, Interactionally Modified Input and Modified Output. To this end, an attempt is made to closely investigate how each type of linguistic environment facilitates learner comprehension, and subsequently, acquisition. Different theoretical claims as well as a number of empirical studies are discussed in order to explore the link between different sources of input and language development. The paper concludes with a critical discussion of how the perceived comprehension actually leads to the acquisition of the features of the target language, and with suggestions for future research in this area

Constraints of Implicit Focus on Form: Insights from a Study of Input Enhancement

Previous research on implicit focus on form (FonF) has shown that target forms are not always noticed by learners, suggesting that externally-created salience (by the teacher) does not necessarily guarantee learners’ internally-generated salience (Sharwood Smith, 1991, 1993). In an attempt to explore ways of promoting both types of salience, an input enhancement study was conducted in order to examine if, and how, externally-created salience may ideally converge with learners’ internally-generated salience. The results revealed that increasing the perceptual salience of target form(s) does not automatically lead to learners’ noticing of the form(s). In addition, the findings suggest that noticing is largely dependent on internal, cognitive factors such as learner readiness (vis-à-vis the target form), knowledge of the first language, and L2 language-learning experience. Based on the results and insights gathered from online protocol data, a number of constraining factors that need to be considered a priori in achieving a successful focus on form are identified and discussed. In particular, the current study underscores the importance of respecting learner-internal factors, such as their developmental readiness and their internal agenda for learning

The Relationship Between Chaebol And Firm Value Using Bayesian Network

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of being a chaebol company, the biggest company characteristic variable, on firm value. It tries to overcome the limitation of multiple regression analysis mostly used in preceding research. That is, as multiple regression analysis assumes uniform linearity between dependent and independent variables, it could not reflect the diverse types of the real world. Thus, based on being a chaebol company and financial information, company characteristic variables influencing firm value, this study derives causal relationships existing between them. The results could help managers and various accounting information users in their decision-making by providing them with information of what company characteristics would directly or indirectly influence firm value. To this end, this study utilizes Bayesian Network and attempts Markov Blanket. In the end, all the analysis methods used in this study not only provides significant results, but also raises its practical value by offering information of diverse situations that could occur in the real world

Do Sensory Ad Appeals Influence Brand Attitude?

This article presents two studies that investigate whether or not sensory appeal preferences in advertisements affect brand attitude. Study 1 seeks to discover empirically whether self-referencing and positive affect mediate sensory appeals to influence consumers\u27 attitudes toward a brand, and whether such mediation effects differ across various ad formats. Study 2, a case approach, attempts to derive core sensory concepts through qualitative techniques as applied to an established specialty coffee brand. The results indicate that self-referencing and positive affect both have significant mediating effects between sensory appeal preferences and attitudes toward a coffee brand. Moreover, the finding that sensory preferences enhance ad effectiveness using particular delivery platforms sheds important insights on creative strategies for sensory ads. As a result of qualitative techniques that elicited metaphoric images regarding the specialty coffee brand, this research found that sight was the most influential sense. In the end, this paper discusses the implications concerning synaesthetic assumptions made and tested in this research as well as the broader applicability of the sensory approach to advertising effectiveness

Do Sensory Ad Appeals Influence Brand Attitude?

This article presents two studies that investigate whether or not sensory appeal preferences in advertisements affect brand attitude. Study 1 seeks to discover empirically whether self-referencing and positive affect mediate sensory appeals to influence consumers\u27 attitudes toward a brand, and whether such mediation effects differ across various ad formats. Study 2, a case approach, attempts to derive core sensory concepts through qualitative techniques as applied to an established specialty coffee brand. The results indicate that self-referencing and positive affect both have significant mediating effects between sensory appeal preferences and attitudes toward a coffee brand. Moreover, the finding that sensory preferences enhance ad effectiveness using particular delivery platforms sheds important insights on creative strategies for sensory ads. As a result of qualitative techniques that elicited metaphoric images regarding the specialty coffee brand, this research found that sight was the most influential sense. In the end, this paper discusses the implications concerning synaesthetic assumptions made and tested in this research as well as the broader applicability of the sensory approach to advertising effectiveness

Development of Monoclonal Antibody and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent for Detection of Off -Flavor Compound 2-Methylisoborneol.

2-Methylisoborneol (MIB), a secondary metabolite of cyanobacteria and fungi, causes earthy-musty taste and odor. This is a significant problem in the aquaculture industry and large scale water supplies. Especially it is a major problem for the channel catfish industry. To monitor the levels of this compound for quality control and abatement, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive methods are needed. This research reports the development of an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for MIB using monoclonal antibodies. For the preparation of monoclonal antibodies against MIB, MIB-Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin (LPH) and borneol-LPH were synthesized as an immunogen. Borneol-bovine serum albumin (BSA), isoborneol-BSA, and MIB-BSA were synthesized as a solid phase protein conjugate to compare and optimize the effect of solid phase conjugate structure. To produce monoclonal antibodies, two mice were immunized with borneol-LPH protein conjugate and another two mice were immunized with MIB-LPH. Hybridoma cells were made by the fusion of myeloma cells and spleen cells of the mice that showed high antibody titer and specificity. Hybridoma cells secreting high affinity monoclonal antibodies were cloned by the limiting dilution method three times to ensure clonality. For the optimization of ELISA, different Ab concentrations and different solid phase conjugate concentrations were tested. At lower concentrations of antibody and solid phase conjugate, the sensitivity was greatest, however the signal also began to decrease. The effect of solid phase conjugate structure was studied by comparing the sensitivity of ELISA using borneol-BSA, isoborneol-BSA, and MIB-BSA as a solid phase conjugate. When MIB-BSA was used as a solid phase conjugate, the affinity for the free MIB was improved against the affinity to MIB-BSA and the sensitivity of ELISA was greatest. By using anti-borneol monoclonal antibody (1/250) and MIB-BSA (0.5mug/ml) as a solid phase conjugate, standard curve was constructed from 100mg/L to 0.1ng/L range. The linear range of this standard curve was found to occur between 1 ng/L and 1 mg/L MIB. The detection limit, defined as the MIB concentration giving an A/Ao value of 0.8, was found to be approximately 1ng/L