Nanocarbon Reinforced Rubber Nanocomposites: Detailed Insights about Mechanical, Dynamical Mechanical Properties, Payne, and Mullin Effects

The reinforcing ability of the fillers results in significant improvements in properties of polymer matrix at extremely low filler loadings as compared to conventional fillers. In view of this, the present review article describes the different methods used in preparation of different rubber nanocomposites reinforced with nanodimensional individual carbonaceous fillers, such as graphene, expanded graphite, single walled carbon nanotubes, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphite oxide, graphene oxide, and hybrid fillers consisting combination of individual fillers. This is followed by review of mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, Young modulus, and fracture toughness) and dynamic mechanical properties (glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, melting point) of these rubber nanocomposites. Finally, Payne and Mullin effects have also been reviewed in rubber filled with different carbon based nanofillers

Medical oxygen a vital in Covid 19 pandemic: production techniques from natural to man-made

Oxygen is the most important source for the survival of all living organisms. Our daily activities require energy and itcomes from the food we consume when the oxygen present in our blood burns that food. The deficiency of oxygen disturbsthe entire functioning of organs in the body. Around 50-80% of the natural oxygen production on Earth comes from theocean. The oxygen production from ocean is the result of drifting plants, algae, and some bacteria that can photosynthesize.Oxygen has many applications like chemical processing, medical application, and many more. Different types of methodsare available to produce oxygen at a considerable scale, e.g., cryogenic, pressure swing, electrochemical. In this article, wediscuss the stepwise process of various methods to produce oxygen and the challenges associated with details

Oxygen Production Through an Efficient Electrochemical Process

477-4822021Whenever we think about life sustainability, the most crucial thing that comes first in our mind is oxygen. In the current scenario, oxygen production has grown tremendously due to its increasing demand from health sectors: the complexity, availability, and high cost of oxygen taken as a drawback. So, the development of an efficient, durable, and cost-effective oxygen production technology is necessary. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the process of generating molecular oxygen via a chemical reaction. Scientists now a days focus more on OER-based methods for portable device fabrication to generate breathable oxygen due to its economic and eco-friendly properties. In this article, we demonstrated the simple design and fabrication of an electrochemical-based oxygen evolution setup. The setup involves a plastic jar of (5 Litre) containing 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, and at the top portion, two holes were created for the immersion of the stainless-steel rod cathode and an anode electrode, which were connected to the power supply. The oxygen generation started in the bubbles form on the supply of voltage of 13V and 9.5A current. The produced oxygen is collected through the plastic tube. It also gives hydrogen, which can be separately stored. At the initial stage, the rate of oxygen production was 2.0 liter/min

Oxygen Production Through an Efficient Electrochemical Process

Whenever we think about life sustainability, the most crucial thing that comes first in our mind is oxygen. In the current scenario, oxygen production has grown tremendously due to its increasing demand from health sectors: the complexity, availability, and high cost of oxygen taken as a drawback. So, the development of an efficient, durable, and cost-effective oxygen production technology is necessary. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the process of generating molecular oxygen via a chemical reaction. Scientists nowadays focus more on OER-based methods for portable device fabrication to generate breathable oxygen due to its economic and eco-friendly properties. In this article, we demonstrated the simple design and fabrication of an electrochemical-based oxygen evolution setup. The setup involves a plastic jar of (5 Litre) containing 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, and at the top portion, two holes were created for the immersion of the stainless-steel rod cathode and an anode electrode, which were connected to the power supply. The oxygen generation started in the bubbles form on the supply of voltage of 13V and 9.5A current. The produced oxygen is collected through the plastic tube. It also gives hydrogen, which can be separately stored. At the initial stage, the rate of oxygen production was 2.0 liter/min.

A comparative study of model ingredients: fragmentation in heavy-ion collisions using quantum molecular dynamics model

We aim to understand the role of NN cross-sections, equation of state as well as different model ingredients such as width of Gaussian, clusterisation range and different clusterisation algorithms in multifragmentation using quantum molecular dynamics model. We notice that all model ingredients have sizable effect on the fragment pattern.Comment: 12 Pages, 4 Figure

Tungsten disulfide-multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid anode for lithium-ion battery

The present work is focused on the preparation of tungsten disulfide-multiwalled carbon nanotube (WS2-MWCNT) hybrids by simple dry grinding of WS2 and MWCNT in different proportion by weight (1:3, 1:1, 3:1). The as prepared hybrids have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman analyses. XRD results indicated complete exfoliation of MWCNT among WS2 particles in WS2-MWCNT (3:1) and (1:1) hybrids. FESEM images showed the formation of a 3-D network in WS2-MWCNT (1:1) hybrid with uniform dispersion of MWCNT being evident from HRTEM images. Raman analysis also suggested significant interaction between WS2 and MWCNT. WS2-MWCNT (1:1) hybrid, when used as anode material in lithium ion battery, exhibited a high initial charge capacity (483 mA h g(-1)) and an improved cycling stability with over 80% retention of the first cycle capacity after 20 cycles compared to only 40% capacity retention in pristine WS2. Such enhanced electrochemical performance of WS2-MWCNT (1:1) hybrid has been attributed to synergistic effect of WS2 and MWCNT

MoS2-MWCNT hybrids as a superior anode in lithium-ion batteries

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrids have been prepared by simple dry grinding. Excellent initial charge capacity (1214 mA h g(-1)) and similar to 85% retention after 60 discharge-charge cycles at different current densities (100-500 mA g(-1)) make MoS2-MWCNT (1 : 1) hybrids a superior anode in Li-ion batteries

TiS2-MWCNT hybrid as high performance anode in lithium-ion battery

The present work reports the preparation of hybrids by simple dry grinding of titanium sulfide (TiS2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) in different weight ratio and their characterization. X-ray diffraction and Raman studies indicated the presence of interaction between the TiS2 and MWCNT. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of three-dimensional architecture and co-dispersion in TiS2-MWCNT (1:1) hybrid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of TiS2 and MWCNT in the prepared hybrid. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an increase in thermal stability with higher MWCNT content. The results of the electrochemical analyses indicated that TiS2-MWCNT (1:1) hybrid exhibited an enhanced performance as lithium-ion battery anode. The initial specific capacity was found to be approximate to 450 mAh g(-1) with 80 % retention in capacity after 50 discharge-charge cycles. These values are significantly higher compared to those for TiS2, MWCNT or other TiS2-MWCNT hybrids. Such improved performance is attributed to the presence of a synergistic effect between TiS2 and MWCNT