Microabrasion In Tooth Enamel Discoloration Defects: Three Cases With Long-term Follow-ups

Superficial irregularities and certain intrinsic stains on the dental enamel surfaces can be resolved by enamel microabrasion, however, treatment for such defects need to be confined to the outermost regions of the enamel surface. Dental bleaching and resin-based composite repair are also often useful for certain situations for tooth color corrections. This article presented and discussed the indications and limitations of enamel microabrasion treatment. Three case reports treated by enamel microabrasion were also presented after 11, 20 and 23 years of follow-ups.224347354Akin, M., Basciftci, F.A., Can white spot lesions be treated effectively? (2012) Angle Orthodontist, 82, pp. 770-775Ardu, S., Benbachir, N., Stavridakis, M., Dietschi, D., Krejci, I., Feilzer, A., A combined chemo-mechanical approach for aesthetic management of superficial enamel defects (2009) Br Dent J, 206, pp. 205-208Bailey, R.W., Christen, A.G., Effects of a bleaching technic on the labial enamel of human teeth stained with endemic dental fluorosis (1970) J Dent Res, 49, pp. 168-170Bassir, M.M., Bagheri, G., Comparison between phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid in microabrasion technique for the treatment of dental fluorosis (2013) J Conserv Dent, 16, pp. 41-44Briso, A., Lima, A., Goncalves, R., Gallinari, M., Santos, P.D., Transenamel and transdentinal penetration of hydrogen peroxide applied to cracked or microabrasioned enamel (2014) Oper Dent, 39, pp. 166-173Castro, K.S., Araújo, F.A.C., Duarte, R.M., Sampaio, F.C., Meireles, S.S., Acceptability, efficacy and safety of two treatment protocols for dental fluorosis: A randomized clinical trial (2014) J Dent, , doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.01.011. Epub ahead of printCelik, E.U., Yildiz, G., Yazkan, B., Clinical evaluation of enamel microabrasion for the aesthetic management of mild-to-severe dental fluorosis (2013) J Esthet Restor Dent, 25, pp. 422-430Celik, E.U., Yildiz, G., Yazkan, B., Comparison of enamel microabrasion with a combined approach to the esthetic management of fluorosed teeth (2013) Oper Dent, 38, pp. 134-143Chhabra, N., Singbal, K.P., Viable approach to manage superficial enamel discoloration (2010) Contemp Clin Dent, 1, pp. 284-287Croll, T.P., Enamel microabrasion for removal of superficial dysmineralization and decalcification defects (1990) J Am Dent Assoc, 120, pp. 411-415Croll, T.P., (1991) Enamel Microabrasion, , Chicago: QuintessenceCroll, T.P., Hastening the enamel microabrasion procedure eliminating defects, cutting treatment time (1993) J Am Dent Assoc, 124, pp. 87-90Croll, T.P., Bullock, G.A., Enamel microabrasion for removal of smooth surface decalcification lesions (1994) J Clin Orthod, 28 (365), p. 70Croll, T.P., Cavanaugh, R.R., Enamel color modification by controlled hydrochloric acid-pumice abrasion. I. technique and examples (1986) Quintessence Int, 17, pp. 81-87Croll, T.P., Segura, A., Donly, K.J., Enamel microabrasion: New considerations in 1993 (1993) Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent, 5, pp. 19-28. , quiz 29Dixit, U.B., Shetty, R.M., Comparison of soft-tissue, dental, and skeletal characteristics in children with and without tongue thrusting habit (2013) Contemp Clin Dent, 4, pp. 2-6Donly, K.J., O'Neill, M., Croll, T.P., Enamel microabrasion: A microscopic evaluation of the abrosion effect (1992) Quintessence Int, 23, pp. 175-179Fragoso, L.S., Lima, D.A., Alexandre, R.S., Bertoldo, C.E., Aguiar, F.H., Lovadino, J.R., Evaluation of physical properties of enamel after microabrasion, polishing, and storage in artificial saliva (2011) Biomed Mater, 6 (3), p. 035001. , doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/3/035001Fujimoto, S., Yamaguchi, K., Gunjigake, K., Clinical estimation of mouth breathing (2009) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 136 (630), p. 7Haywood, V.B., Heymann, H.O., Nightguard vital bleaching: How safe is it? (1991) Quintessence Int, 22, pp. 515-523Kendell, R.L., Hydrochloric acid removal of brown fluorosis stains: Clinical and scanning electron micrographic observations (1989) Quintessence Int, 20, pp. 837-839Killian, C.M., Conservative color improvement for teeth with fluorosis-type stain (1993) J Am Dent Assoc, 124, pp. 72-74Killian, C.M., Croll, T.P., Enamel microabrasion to improve enamel surface texture (1990) J Esthet Dent, 2, pp. 125-128Limeback, H., Vieira, A.P., Lawrence, H., Improving esthetically objectionable human enamel fluorosis with a simple microabrasion technique (2006) Eur J Oral Sci, 114, pp. 123-129Machado, L.S., Sundfeld, N.D., Oliveira, G.B., Carvalho, T.C., Oliveira, F.G., Sundfeld, R.H., Combining enamel microabrasion and dental bleaching: Recovering smile aesthetics (2013) Dent Today, 32, pp. 110-111McCloskey, R.J., A technique for removal of fluorosis stains (1984) J Am Dent Assoc, 109, pp. 63-64Murphy, T.C., Willmot, D.R., Rodd, H.D., Management of postorthodontic demineralized white lesions with microabrasion: A quantitative assessment (2007) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 131, pp. 27-33Nahsan, F.P., Silva, L.M., Baseggio, W., Franco, E.B., Francisconi, P.A., Mondelli, R.F., Conservative approach for a clinical resolution of enamel white spot lesions (2011) Quintessence Int, 42, pp. 423-426Paula, A., Santos, P.H., Oliveira, F.G., Machado, L.S., Neto, D.S., Sundfeld, R.H., Integrating techniques to restore an adolescent's smile (2012) Dent Today, 31 (88), pp. 90-91Price, R.B., Loney, R.W., Doyle, M.G., Moulding, M.B., An evaluation of a technique to remove stains from teeth using microabrasion (2003) J Am Dent Assoc, 134, pp. 1066-1071Reston, E.G., Corba, D.V., Ruschel, K., Tovo, M.F., Barbosa, A.N., Conservative approach for esthetic treatment of enamel hypoplasia (2011) Oper Dent, 36, pp. 340-343Rodrigues, M.C., Mondelli, R.F., Oliveira, G.U., Franco, E.B., Baseggio, W., Wang, L., Minimal alterations on the enamel surface by micro-abrasion: In vitro roughness and wear assessments (2013) J Appl Oral Sci, 21, pp. 112-117Segura, A., Donly, K.J., Wefel, J.S., Drake, D., Effect of enamel microabrasion on bacterial colonization (1997) Am J Dent, 10 (272), p. 4Sheoran, N., Garg, S., Damle, S.G., Dhindsa, A., Opal, S., Gupta, S., Esthetic management of developmental enamel opacities in young permanent maxillary incisors with two microabrasion techniques a split mouth study (2014) J Esthet Restor Dent, , doi: 10.1111/jerd.12096. Epub ahead of printSundfeld, R.H., Croll, T.P., Briso, A.L., Alexandre, R.S., Sundfeld, N.D., Considerations about enamel microabrasion after 18 years (2007) Am J Dent, 20, pp. 67-72Sundfeld, R.H., Rahal, V., Croll, T.P., de Alexandre, R.S., Briso, A.L., Enamel microabrasion followed by dental bleaching for patients after orthodontic treatment case reports (2007) J Esthet Restor Dent, 19, pp. 71-77Yamaguchi, K., Morimoto, Y., Nanda, R.S., Ghosh, J., Tanne, K., Morphological differences in individuals with lip competence and incompetence based on electromyographic diagnosis (2000) J Oral Rehabil, 27, pp. 893-90

The Effect Of Hydrofluoric Acid Concentration On The Bond Strength And Morphology Of The Surface And Interface Of Glass Ceramics To A Resin Cement

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of various concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) on the surface/interface morphology and mu-shear bond strength (mu SBS) between IPS Empress Esthetic (EST) (Ivoclar Vivadent) and IPS e.max Press (EMX) (Ivoclar Vivadent) ceramics and resin cement. Ceramic blocks were divided into 12 groups for each kind of ceramic. Six different HF concentrations were evaluated: 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 15%. All groups were silanated after etching, and half of the specimens within each group received a thin layer of unfilled resin (UR). Three resin cement cylinders were prepared on each ceramic block for mu SBS testing. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The mu SBS test was carried out in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. The data were submitted to three-way analysis of variance andmultiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey post hoc test (p0.05). When evaluating UR, mu SBS mean was significantly higher and better infiltration was observed on the etched surfaces. No statistical difference was found between the ceramics. The HF concentration and UR influenced the bond strength and surface/interface morphology.405470479Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CNPq [303928/2009-3

Effects Of Dentin Dry/moist Condition On The Immediate Adhesive Performance Of Different Solvent-based Etch-and-rinse Adhesivesystems

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze and measure, under optical microscopy, the hybrid layer thickness and resin tags length, as well as the microtensile bond strength of two conventional adhesive systems when applied to dry and moist dentinal substrate. Methods: Thirty-two extracted human molars were randomly distributed into four groups according to the adhesive systems (XP Bond and Prime&Bond 2.1) and moisture condition (dry and moist). In Groups I and II, XP adhesive system was applied on dry and moist dentin, respectively; while Groups III and IV received PB adhesive system, in the same way as was done in Groups I and II, respectively. After adhesive and restorative procedures, all specimens were sectioned along their long axes; one hemi-tooth sample was subjected to the microtensile bond strength test while the other was decalcified and serially sectioned into six micron thick slices and sequentially mounted on glass slides. These sections were stained by the Brown and Brenn method for posterior analysis and measurement of the hybrid layer and resin tags under a light microscope with a micrometric ocular 40/075. Results: Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). For the variable hybrid layer thickness, XP showed no significant differences between dry and moist dentin (5.2 μm and 5.5 μm, respectively), but for PB, hybrid layer was significantly thicker for moist (4.0 μm) than for dry dentin (3.0 μm). For the variable resin tags length XP showed 17.9 μm length for dry dentin and 20.8 μm for moist dentin; PB 11.7 μm for dry and 12.69 μm for moist dentin;there was no significant differences between them, independent of the moisture condition. For the variable microtensile bond strength, XP showed 38.0 MPa for dry dentin and 44.5 MPa for moist dentin; and PB showed 22.7 MPa for dry dentin and 20.8 MPa for dry dentin no significant difference was observed between moist and dry dentin for XP (p=0.2) and PB (p=0.7), but XP was presented significantly higher bond strength values than PB in both moisture conditions (p=0.003 for dry and p=0.002 for moist). Conclusion: The two-step butanol-based etch-and-rinse adhesive XP Bond presented a superior behavior with regard to the hybrid layer thickness, length of resin tags and bond strength to dry and moist dentin substrates when compared with two-step acetone-based adhesive system Prime&Bond2.1. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.4316Buonocore, M.G., A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces (1955) J Dent Res, 34, pp. 849-853Gwinnett, A.J., Histologic changes in human enamel following treatment with acidic adhesive conditioning agents (1971) Arch Oral Biol, 16, pp. 731-738Sundfeld, R.H., Briso, A.L., De, P.M., Sundfeld, M.L., Bedran-Russo, A.K., Effect of time interval between bleaching and bonding on tag formation (2005) Bull Tokyo Dent Coll, 46, pp. 1-6Retief, D.H., Denys, F.R., Adhesion to enamel and dentin (1989) Am J Dent 2Spec No, pp. 133-144Finger, W.J., Fritz, U.B., Resin bonding to enamel and dentin with one-component UDMA/HEMA adhesives (1997) European Journal of Oral Sciences, 105 (2), pp. 183-186Finger, W.J., Tani, C., Effect of relative humidity on bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin (2002) Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 4 (4), pp. 277-282Sundfeld, R.H., Valentino, T.A., Sversut De Alexandre, R., Briso, A.L.F., Sundefeld, M.L.M.M., Hybrid layer thickness and resin tag length of a self-etching adhesive bonded to sound dentin (2005) Journal of Dentistry, 33 (8), pp. 675-681. , DOI 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.01.011, PII S0300571205000345MacHado, L.S., Sundfeld, R.H., Cardoso, J.D., Oliveira, F.G., Da Silva, A.P., Delicio, G., Observation of tags and hybrid layer of a single bottle conventional adhesive system and a self-etching adhesive system, on sound dentin (2009) Acta Odontol Latinoam, 22, pp. 183-189De Munck, J., Van Landuyt, K., Peumans, M., Poitevin, A., Lambrechts, P., Braem, M., Van Meerbeek, B., A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: Methods and results (2005) Journal of Dental Research, 84 (2), pp. 118-132. , DOI 10.1177/154405910508400204Miyazaki, M., Iwasaki, K., Onose, H., Moore, B.K., Enamel and dentin bond strengths of single application bonding systems (2001) American Journal of Dentistry, 14 (6), pp. 361-366Miyazaki, M., Tsubota, K., Onose, H., Hinoura, K., Influence of adhesive application duration on dentin bond strength of single-application bonding systems (2002) Operative Dentistry, 27 (3), pp. 278-283Tay, F.R., Pashley, D.H., Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching systems. I: Depth of penetration beyond dentin smear layers (2001) Dental Materials, 17 (4), pp. 296-308. , DOI 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00087-7, PII S0109564100000877Pashley, D.H., Tay, F.R., Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching adhesives Part II: Etching effects on unground enamel (2001) Dental Materials, 17 (5), pp. 430-444. , DOI 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00104-4, PII S0109564100001044Sundfeld, R.H., Da Silva, A.M., Croll, T.P., De Oliveira, C.H., Briso, A.L., De Alexandre, R.S., The effect of temperature on self-etching adhesive penetration (2006) Compend Contin Educ Dent, 27, pp. 552-556. , quiz 557, 581Sundfeld, R.H., De Oliveira, C.H., Da Silva, A.M., Briso, A.L., Sundfeld, M.L., Resin tag length of one-step and self-etching adhesives bonded to unground enamel (2005) Bull Tokyo Dent Coll, 46, pp. 43-49De Munck, J., Van Meerbeek, B., Yoshida, Y., Inoue, S., Vargas, M., Suzuki, K., Lambrechts, P., Vanherle, G., Four-year water degradation of total-etch adhesives bonded to dentin (2003) Journal of Dental Research, 82 (2), pp. 136-140Van Meerbeek, B., De Munck, J., Yoshida, Y., Inoue, S., Vargas, M., Vijay, P., Van Landuyt, K., Vanherle, G., Adhesion to enamel and dentin: Current status and future challenges (2003) Operative Dentistry, 28 (3), pp. 215-235Van Meerbeek, B., Van Landuyt, K., De Munck, J., Hashimoto, M., Peumans, M., Lambrechts, P., Yoshida, Y., Suzuki, K., Technique-sensitivity of contemporary adhesives (2005) Dental Materials Journal, 24 (1), pp. 1-13Reis, A.F., Giannini, M., Pereira, P.N.R., Long-term TEM analysis of the nanoleakage patterns in resin-dentin interfaces produced by different bonding strategies (2007) Dental Materials, 23 (9), pp. 1164-1172. , DOI 10.1016/j.dental.2006.10.006, PII S0109564106002740Reis, A.F., Giannini, M., Pereira, P.N.R., Effects of a peripheral enamel bond on the long-term effectiveness of dentin bonding agents exposed to water in vitro (2008) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part B Applied Biomaterials, 85 (1), pp. 10-17. , DOI 10.1002/jbm.b.30909Carvalho, R.M., Mendonca, J.S., Santiago, S.L., Silveira, R.R., Garcia, F.C.P., Tay, F.R., Pashley, D.H., Effects of HEMA/solvent combinations on bond strength to dentin (2003) Journal of Dental Research, 82 (8), pp. 597-601Nakabayashi, N., Takarada, K., Effect of HEMA on bonding to dentin (1992) Dent Mater, 8, pp. 125-130Nakabayashi, N., Watanabe, A., Igarashi, K., AFM observation of collapse and expansion of phosphoric acid-demineralized dentin (2004) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A, 68 (3), pp. 558-565Anchieta, R.B., Oliveira, F.G., Sundfeld, R.H., Rahal, V., MacHado, L.S., Alexandre, R.S., Analysis of hybrid layer thickness, resin tag length and their correlation with microtensile bond strength using a total etch adhesive to intact dentin (2011) Acta Odontol Latinoam, 24, pp. 272-278De Oliveira, F.G., Anchieta, R.B., Rahal, V., De Alexandre, R.S., MacHado, L.S., Sundefeld, M.L., Correlation of the hybrid layer thickness and resin tags length with the bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system (2009) Acta Odontol Latinoam, 22, pp. 177-181Nakabayashi, N., Bonding of restorative materials to dentine: The present status in Japan (1985) Int Dent J, 35, pp. 145-154Nakaoki, Y., Nikaido, T., Pereira, P.N., Inokoshi, S., Tagami, J., Dimensional changes of demineralized dentin treated with HEMA primers (2000) Dent Mater, 16, pp. 441-446Tay, F.R., John Gwinnett, A., Wei, S.H.Y., Ultrastructure of the resin-dentin interface following reversible and irreversible rewetting (1997) American Journal of Dentistry, 10 (2), pp. 77-82Perdigao, J., Van Meerbeek, B., Lopes, M.M., Ambrose, W.W., The effect of a re-wetting agent on dentin bonding (1999) Dental Materials, 15 (4), pp. 282-295. , PII S0109564199000494Nakabayashi, N., Hiranuma, K., Effect of etchant variation on wet and dry dentin bonding primed with 4-META/acetone (2000) Dent Mater, 16, pp. 274-279Van Meerbeek, B., Yoshida, Y., Lambrechts, P., Vanherle, G., Duke, E.S., Eick, J.D., Robinson, S.J., A TEM study of two water-based adhesive systems bonded to dry and wet dentin (1998) Journal of Dental Research, 77 (1), pp. 50-59Maciel, K.T., Carvalho, R.M., Ringle, R.D., Preston, C.D., Russell, C.M., Pashley, D.H., The effects of acetone, ethanol, HEMA, and air on the stiffness of human decalcified dentin matrix (1996) Journal of Dental Research, 75 (11), pp. 1851-1858Reis, A., Dourado Loguercio, A., Naberezny Azevedo, C.L., De Carvalho, R.M., Da Motta Singer, J., Miranda Grande, R.H., Moisture Spectrum of Demineralized Dentin for Adhesive Systems with Different Solvent Bases (2003) Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 5 (3), pp. 183-192Kanca III, J., Wet bonding: Effect of drying time and distance (1996) Am J Dent, 9, pp. 273-276Reis, A.F., Oliveira, M.T., Giannini, M., De Goes, M.F., Rueggeberg, F.A., The Effect of Organic Solvents on One-Bottle Adhesives' Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin (2003) Operative Dentistry, 28 (6), pp. 700-706Pashley, D.H., Agee, K.A., Nakajima F R Tay, M., Carvalho, R.M., Terada, R.S.S., Harmon, F.J., Lee, W.-K., Rueggeberg, F.A., Solvent-induced dimensional changes in EDTA-demineralized dentin matrix (2001) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 56 (2), pp. 273-281. , DOI 10.1002/1097-4636(200108)56:23.0.CO;2-ATay, F.R., Gwinnett, J.A., Wei, S.H.Y., Micromorphological spectrum from overdrying to overwetting acid-conditioned dentin in water-free, acetone-based, single-bottle primer/adhesives (1996) Dental Materials, 12 (4), pp. 236-244Reis, A., Pellizzaro, A., Dal-Bianco, K., Gones, O.M., Patzlaff, R., Loguercio, A.D., Impact of adhesive application to wet and dry dentin on long-term resin-dentin bond strengths (2007) Oper Dent, 32, pp. 380-387Dal-Bianco, K., Pellizzaro, A., Patzlaft, R., De Oliveira Bauer, J.R., Loguercio, A.D., Reis, A., Effects of moisture degree and rubbing action on the immediate resin-dentin bond strength (2006) Dental Materials, 22 (12), pp. 1150-1156. , DOI 10.1016/j.dental.2005.10.010, PII S0109564105003398Nakajima, M., Kanemura, N., Pereira, P.N., Tagami, J., Pashley, D.H., Comparative microtensile bond strength and SEM analysis of bonding to wet and dry dentin (2000) Am J Dent, 13, pp. 324-32

Reestablishing biology, function, and esthetics for fractured, immature incisors

A seven-year-old boy with enamel-dentin fractures on both maxillary central incisors presented to the Piracicaba Dental School–UNICAMP seven days after the trauma. At the clinical evaluation, there were no clinical signs of pulp exposure, neither tooth was mobile, and both affected teeth presented a positive response to sensitivity tests and a negative response for percussion and palpation. The radiographic examination showed an undeveloped root and opened apex for both teeth. Indirect pulp capping was performed on the left maxillary central incisor, followed by a direct restoration. After one month, the patient complained of pain in the left central incisor, which responded negatively to sensitivity testing. Pulp revascularization was performed only on this tooth and was followed for 18 months. During this period, the left maxillary central incisor did not recover sensitivity, although radiographic examination showed apical closure, a slight increase in root length, and the formation of a mineralized barrier between the root canal and sealing material. The technique achieved its goal of restoring biological aspects, function, and esthetics of traumatized teeth when using this multidisciplinary approach.40434134

Accomplishing Esthetics Using Enamel Microabrasion and Bleaching-A Case Report

This case report describes the sequential steps that were used to treat unesthetic, white, hard-texture enamel stains of unknown etiology. A tapered fine diamond bur was used to remove superficial enamel followed by the use of an enamel microabrasion compound Opalustre (Ultradent Products Inc). This technique removed the stains and was followed by polishing with a fluoride paste to restore the enamel to a smooth finish. The teeth were subsequently bleached with carbamide peroxide (Opalescence 10%, Ultradent Products), which achieved the patient's desired esthetic results