Jet Breakup Dynamics of Inkjet Printing Fluids

Continuous InkJet (CIJ) printing is a common 2-Dimensional printing technique that creates jets of ink that breakup into drops as they are propelled towards a substrate to create a print. Inkjet printing has been used not only to print on paper, but to manufacture a variety of devices including OLEDs, solar cells and microfluidic devices. In many cases, the ‘ink’ consists of a polymer dissolved in a volatile solvent. As this ink is sprayed on to the substrate, the solvent evaporates, leaving the polymer behind as the print. The addition of the polymer alters the physics of the problem significantly enough that it varies greatly from jetting only a fluid with nothing dissolved in it. Polymers impart viscoelasticity to the solution, creating ink jets that are long-lived and difficult to break into droplets. In order to maintain the formation of drops in a repeatable, uniform fashion, a disturbance of known magnitude is imposed upon the jet. While jetting a liquid with no additives in it, this disturbance governed jet breakup leads to the formation of satellite drops, smaller drops of fluid in-between the main jet drops. Satellite drops are an undesirable occurrence in inkjet printing because of their unpredictable behavior and potential to affect the quality of the print. However, the addition of polymers to the liquid can control and potentially suppress the formation of these satellite drops, greatly improving the print quality. The elasticity of iv the polymer and its ability to influence the jet behavior and formation of satellite drops is highly dependent on multiple factors including the backbone rigidity, molecular weight and the concentration in which it is present in the fluid. Strongly viscoelastic effects have a marked effect on the jet and their presence can be quantified quite easily. However, some polymers show weak viscoelastic behavior while present in the ink fluids and may or may not affect the jetting process. The objective of this study is to examine such a class of polymeric fluids that are weakly viscoelastic in the context of inkjet printing and satellite drop formation. Firstly, the fluids are tested in an extensional rheology setup called Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometry – Drop-on-Substrate (CaBER-DoS) to quantify their extensional properties. Then, they are tested in an emulated inkjet printing setup. The goal is to quantify the impact of the aforementioned factors on jetting and using satellite drop behavior as a guiding metric to understanding viscoelastic behavior in inkjet printing fluids

Creative Commons: America\u27s Moral Rights?

This Article examines the status of authors\u27 moral rights in a post-Dastar world. It argues that, apart from the minimal recognition of moral rights for visual artists in the Visual Artists Rights Act (1990) and a handful of state laws, Creative Commons and other open access movements currently represent the only effective recognition of moral rights in the United States. This paper examines approaches to moral rights in a variety of open-access scenarios, including Creative Commons, free software, Wikipedia, and Google Books, and it attempts to assess the advantages and dangers of offering moral rights as an alternative to regular copyright protection. The paper argues that open access models do not provide sufficient protection for moral rights in the United States. Rather, the approach to moral rights in open access movements should be used as a starting-point for the broader recognition of moral rights under U.S. law. In particular, moral rights as understood by the open access community can help to achieve a better balance between corporate interests and the public interest under U.S. copyright law – an opportunity that should not be missed

A Perspective of Digital Marketing in Rural Areas: a Literature Review

Purpose: The aim of this study is to find users who are willing to use digital marketing over traditional marketing.   Theoretical framework: The article is portraited various research which includes quantitative, and qualitative analyses and case studies available in various databases like a web of science, Scopus is illustrated for a better understanding of the topic   Design/methodology/approach:  This paper wants to find out what makes people want to use digital marketing tools for further study. According to the author's previous research, factors that affect digital marketing are attitude, trust, adaptation, value, and quality. According to the author's analysis of recent studies, digital marketing is more effective than traditional marketing, and users are more willing to use digital marketing than traditional marketing. So, this article shows different kinds of research, such as quantitative and qualitative analyses and case studies that can be found in databases like Web of Science and Scopus. This helps readers understand the topic better.   Findings: The Review provides a literature review of who is willing to use digital marketing over traditional marketing.   Originality/value:  The review discusses theories, methodologies, context, findings, and future scope of research.    Research limitations: Limitations were found when picking relevant journals and articles. Some journals need authentic access to get in, so data can't be analyzed from these articles. Also, this study is limited with rural context.   Social implications:  The use of digital marketing technologies and tools that can be used more effectively to improve the traditional marketing strategy because the word "digitalization" has started to take over the world. Digital marketing tools are one of the best ways to connect with customers and draw them in