Nucleotide sequence of the genes, encoding the pentaheme cytochrome (dmsC) and the transmembrane protein (dmsB) involved in dimethyl sulfoxide respiration from Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans

AbstractThe nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding a pentaheme cytochrome (dmsC) and a transmembrane protein (dmsB) were determined upstream of the dmsA gene encoding dimethyl sulfoxide reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans. dmsC and dmsB encode proteins of 404 and 226 amino acid residues, which show 40% and 26% identity to the pentaheme cytochrome TorC and the transmembrane protein TorD, respectively, of the trimethylamine N-oxide reduction system in Escherichia coli

Effects of Rolipram and Cilostamide on Renal Functions and Cyclic AMP Release in Anesthetized Dogs 1

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to examine whether phosphodiesterases III and IV regulate renal cAMP level and whether inhibition of these enzymes influences renal functions in anesthetized dogs. The intrarenal arterial infusion of rolipram (0.1, 0.3, and 1 g/kg/min), a selective phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor, increased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and urinary Na ϩ excretion with elevating arterial and renal venous plasma cAMP concentrations and urinary cAMP excretion. However, cilostamide (0.1, 0.3, and 1 g/kg/min), a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, did not affect the values of these parameters. Indomethacin (3 mg/kg i.v. bolus and 1 mg/kg/min i.v. infusion), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, reduced the basal arterial and renal venous plasma cAMP concentrations and blunted the rolipram-induced elevation of cAMP concentrations and urinary cAMP excretion. The effects of rolipram on renal hemodynamics and urine formation were attenuated in the presence of indomethacin. These results suggest that in the dog kidney in vivo, 1) phosphodiesterase IV, but not phosphodiesterase III, participates in degradation of cAMP and 2) the inhibition of phosphodiesterase IV enhances glomerular filtration and urinary Na ϩ excretion, the responses of which depend in part on indomethacin-susceptible (prostaglandin-mediated, probably) control of basal cAMP level

放送大学資料館（仮）設立の準備と共同研究

　2022年３月の教授会で、放送大学資料館の設置の構想が提案された。それに伴い、大学の公式な組織としてプロジェクト・チームが設置された。そこで、資料館の開設に向け、研究と実践を目的として、学習教育戦略研究所の課題研究「大学ミュージアムの展示・運用・活用に関する多角的研究」を提案し、採択された。また、「博物館構想における情報コース資料機器の活用を目指した展示手法に関する研究」も提案し、採択された。2022年10月現在、「モデル展示」の解説整備を中心に、共同の研究と実践を開始したところである。そこで、本稿では、2022年10月までの活動の概要を報告し、今後の資料館のあり方について考察したい

National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era