62 research outputs found
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¡ã®ç£çãæå¶ã§ããªãã£ãããéå»ã®å ±åã§ã¯ECMã®æå¶ãå ±åãããŠããããšããä»å䜿çšããæ·»å æ¿åºŠãäœãå¯èœæ§ãããããã®ããä»åŸTGFβ-1ãšACEIãARBã®æ·»å éã¯åæ€èšããå¿
èŠããããšèããããããããã®çµæããBVå®æœã®åççªã¯ã¡ã«ãã«ã«ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãšçç·ç¶èœçŽ°èã«ãã现èå€åºè³ªã®èç©ã«ãã£ãŠçºçããŠãããšèãããããåççªãäºé²ããããã«çŽ°èå€åºè³ªç£çãæå¶ããè¬å€ã®æ€èšãæãŸãããIntroduction Severe pulmonary valvular stenosis (PS) results in poor prognosis. The treatment options for dogs with severe PS include open chest surgery and balloon valvuloplasty (BV). BV has been recognized as the first-line treatment for severe PS in human as well as in dogs. Most common complications of BV are known as follows: restenosis of pulmonary valve, pulmonary valve insufficiency (PI) and tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR). Since there has been few reports in veterinary medicine focusing on restenosis after BV, the cause of restenosis has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of the complication in dogs after BV, to investigate the causes of the complications, and to propose prevention and treatment to avoid complications after BV. Study 1; The effectiveness and complications of BV in dogs with congenital PS[Aims] The aims of the first study were to reveal the prevalence of complications after BV, and to investigate the factors related to the complications, especially pulmonary restenosis.[Material and Method] Medical records of dogs referred to Azabu University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Cardiology Service from September 2006 to May 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-one dogs who underwent successful BV due to severe PS were included in the study. We investigated the effectiveness of BV using the reduction of the peak instantaneous pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve, the complications, especially the incidence of the restenosis. The following variables were investigated if it was related to restenosis: age (months) at the time of BV, weight (kg), PG prior to BV, PG at short-term follow-up, the number of balloon inflations, balloon annulus rate (BAR), concurrent congenital heart disease, atenolol administration prior to BV and candesartan administration prior to BV.[Results] The immediate success rate was 95.1% (39/41). Long-term follow-up was available for 22 out of 39 dogs. Restenosis was observed in 6 out of 22 dogs during long-term follow-up. The median time when restenosis was revealed was 5.5 months (ranging from 1.5 to 68.2 months) after BV. The significant difference was not observed between success group and restenosis group at each the factors. Although deterioration of TR severity was observed in 12 dogs at short-term follow-up, TR improved at long-term follow-up in 10 dogs. PI in 4 dogs worsened after BV in short-term follow-up, although the severity of PI in 2 dogs was improved during long-term follow-up. The right-sided heart failure due to TR and/or PI was not developed in any dogs during the observation period.[Discussion] It was confirmed that BV was effective procedure with high success rate in dogs, which was the same as the previous report. In the present study, 6 out of 22 dogs (27.3%) developed restenosis after successful BV at medium to long-term follow-up. Each the factors were not associated with incidence of restenosis in this study. The right-sided heart failure due to TR and/or PI was not developed in any dogs during the observation period. Exacerbation of TR and PI was observed in some dogs after BV; however, right-sided heart failure due to TR or PI was not observed in any of our dogs. Study 2; Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in PS dogs with restenosis after BV[Aims] The cause of restenosis in dogs has never been described and no study has documented histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of the restenotic pulmonary valve in dogs with PS after BV. The aim of this study was to perform the pathological investigation of a pulmonary valve in one dog with PS diagnosed as the restenosis after BV.[Material and Method] A four-month-old female Chihuahua was presented to Azabu University due to severe PS with restricted ventricular septal defect. Although BV was successfully performed, restenosis was observed about 1.5 years after the procedure. Restenotic valve from this patient and three normal beagles were pathologically examined.[Results] The affected valve was markedly thickened due to the increased amount of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which was composed of acid mucopolysaccharide and collagen fibers. Immunohistochemical examination revealed prominently increased α smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts in the affected valve. The affected valve was markedly thickened due to the increased amount of the ECM.[Discussion] It was suggested that thickening of the valve due to the increase of ECM would be associated with narrowing of the valve opening, resulting in restenosis. Immunohistochemical examination revealed prominently increased αSMA-positive myofibroblasts in the affected valve. Because these myofibroblasts produce acid mucopolysaccharide and collagen fibers, the increase in a myofibroblast could be related to the restenosis.Study 3; Pathological Changes of The Pulmonary Valve After Balloon Valvuloplasty in Two Dogs in Short-Term and Long-Term Follow-Up[Aims] Time course of pathological changes after BV was not known. The aim of this study was to reveal the histopathological changes of pulmonary valve in short-tem and long-term follow-up after BV.[Material and Method] BV was performed in two beagles with congenital PS. Pulmonary valve was obtained in short-term and long-term follow-up. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in pulmonary valves from short-term follow-up, long-term follow-up, negative controls and positive control (pulmonary valve from PS dog without BV).[Results] Two dogs with congenital PS after BV did not develop restenosis. Pulmonary valves of two dogs with congenital PS at short-term follow-up after BV and a positive control were markedly thickened. The amount of acid mucopolysaccharide and collagen fibers increased in pulmonary valves of two dogs with congenital PS. The amount of acid mucopolysaccharide was much increased in pulmonary valve at long-term follow-up, compared with that at short-term follow-up. The difference in collagen fibers between pulmonary valves at short-term and long-term follow-up was not observed. Number of myofibroblast was increased at short-term follow-up, but decreased at long-term follow-up.[Discussion] Although the thickening of the pulmonary valve was observed at long-term follow-up, two dogs with congenital PS after BV did not develop restenosis. Because the thickening of the valve was due to increased amount of ECM and myofibroblast was inactivated in long-term follow-up, it was supeculated that the increased ECM by myofibroblast had stopped at long-term follow-up.Study 4; An Establishment of The Culture Model of Restenotic Pulmonary Valve[Aims] We hypothesized that the cause of a restenosis was the narrowing of the valve opening induced by the overproduction of ECM by myofibroblast. The aims of this study was to establish the restenosis model using cultured myofibroblast from dogsâ pulmonary valve, and to investigate the possible medical approach to prevent restenosis after BV.[Material and Method] The pulmonary valve was obtained from four healthy beagles and the cell culture was performed. In order to activate myofibroblast, TGFbeta-1 (20 ng/ml) was added. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensinreceptor blocker (ARB) was added to cultured myofibrblast to evaluate whether or not they were effective to suppress ECM production. The number of cultured cells, the hyaluronic acid (HA) and the angiotensin II (AngII) of the medium were quantified on the day 12.[Results] All cultured cells were confirmed as myofibroblasts. Significant difference was not observed in the number of cell or HA concentration between control group (TGF beta-1 was not added) and TGF beta-1 added group, (P= 1.00, P= 0.56). AngII concentration in the control group was higher than that in added group (P= 0.04). Significant difference was not observed in the number of cells, AngII concentration or HA concentration between groups when ACEI or ARB was added.[Discussion] Cell culture from pulmonary valve was successfully established in this study. However, induction of increased HA was not achieved by adding TGF beta-1. ACEI or ARB did not suppress production of HA or AngII. DiscussionStudy 1 revealed that success rate of BV at the short-term and long-term follow-up were relatively high, which confirmed the effectiveness of this procedure in dogs. The restenosis was confirmed as one of the serious problem, and was observed during the medium to long-term follow-up after BV. Increased prevalence of restenosis over time was observed in human patients. The same tendency was also seen in dogs. The development of TR and PI after BV was although these complications did not get severe. In study 2, the cause of restenosis was speculated that the thickening of the valve that induced by the increasing amount of ECM. Increased number of myofibroblasts in restenotic valve produced the large amount of ECM. Increase of ECM at long-term follow-up after BV in spite of decreased number of myofibroblast was observed in the non-restenosis valve after BV. Therefore, it was considered that the restenosis development after BV was associated with whether myofibroblast was continuously activated or not. Mechanical stress would be one of the major causes of activation of myofibroblasts although further study was needed to confirm this hypothesis. Present study did not reveal the effectiveness of ACEI or ARB to prevent restenosis. Further study was warranted to investigate the possible medical approach.å士(ç£å»åŠ)麻åžå€§
Software Defined Media: Virtualization of Audio-Visual Services
Internet-native audio-visual services are witnessing rapid development. Among
these services, object-based audio-visual services are gaining importance. In
2014, we established the Software Defined Media (SDM) consortium to target new
research areas and markets involving object-based digital media and
Internet-by-design audio-visual environments. In this paper, we introduce the
SDM architecture that virtualizes networked audio-visual services along with
the development of smart buildings and smart cities using Internet of Things
(IoT) devices and smart building facilities. Moreover, we design the SDM
architecture as a layered architecture to promote the development of innovative
applications on the basis of rapid advancements in software-defined networking
(SDN). Then, we implement a prototype system based on the architecture, present
the system at an exhibition, and provide it as an SDM API to application
developers at hackathons. Various types of applications are developed using the
API at these events. An evaluation of SDM API access shows that the prototype
SDM platform effectively provides 3D audio reproducibility and interactiveness
for SDM applications.Comment: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC2017), Paris,
France, 21-25 May 201
Effective treatment with mitotane for a canine case of presumed ectopic Cushingâs syndrome-related pheochromocytoma
Background: In humans, ectopic Cushingâs syndrome (ECS) is characterized by hypercortisolemia, which is caused by small lung carcinoma, bronchial carcinoids, and pheochromocytoma. In dogs, only a few cases of ECS associated with pheochromocytoma have been reported to date.
Case Description: Herein, we describe a canine case of malignant pheochromocytoma that is presumed to be the cause of ECS. An 11-year-old, castrated, male Toy Poodle with hypercortisolemia was diagnosed with an adrenal tumor (AT) and treated with mitotane. Although repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests revealed improvement in the dogâs condition by mitotane treatment, its condition started declining 197 days post-diagnosis, and he died on day 280. The necropsy revealed the AT was a pheochromocytoma, not an adrenocortical tumor. However, because of no pathological change in the pituitary gland and the other adrenal gland, pheochromocytoma was presumed to be the cause of ECS.
Conclusion: This is the first report that describes the effectiveness of mitotane against presumed ECS-related pheochromocytoma
Magnetized Fast Isochoric Laser Heating for Efficient Creation of Ultra-High-Energy-Density States
The quest for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition is a grand
challenge, as exemplified by extraordinary large laser facilities. Fast
isochoric heating of a pre-compressed plasma core with a high-intensity
short-pulse laser is an attractive and alternative approach to create
ultra-high-energy-density states like those found in ICF ignition sparks. This
avoids the ignition quench caused by the hot spark mixing with the surrounding
cold fuel, which is the crucial problem of the currently pursued ignition
scheme. High-intensity lasers efficiently produce relativistic electron beams
(REB). A part of the REB kinetic energy is deposited in the core, and then the
heated region becomes the hot spark to trigger the ignition. However, only a
small portion of the REB collides with the core because of its large
divergence. Here we have demonstrated enhanced laser-to-core energy coupling
with the magnetized fast isochoric heating. The method employs a
kilo-tesla-level magnetic field that is applied to the transport region from
the REB generation point to the core which results in guiding the REB along the
magnetic field lines to the core. 7.7 1.3 % of the maximum coupling was
achieved even with a relatively small radial area density core (
0.1 g/cm). The guided REB transport was clearly visualized in a
pre-compressed core by using Cu- imaging technique. A simplified
model coupled with the comprehensive diagnostics yields 6.2\% of the coupling
that agrees fairly with the measured coupling. This model also reveals that an
ignition-scale areal density core ( 0.4 g/cm) leads to much
higher laser-to-core coupling ( 15%), this is much higher than that achieved
by the current scheme
What Does Soil-Transmitted Helminth Elimination Look Like? Results From a Targeted Molecular Detection Survey in Japan
Background: Japan is one of the few countries believed to have eliminated soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). In 1949, the national prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 62.9%, which decreased to 0.6% in 1973 due to improvements in infrastructure, socioeconomic status, and the implementation of national STH control measures. The Parasitosis Prevention Law ended in 1994 and population-level screening ceased in Japan; therefore, current transmission status of STH in Japan is not well characterized. Sporadic cases of STH infections continue to be reported, raising the possibility of a larger-scale recrudescence of STH infections. Given that traditional microscopic detection methods are not sensitive to low-intensity STH infections, we conducted targeted prevalence surveys using sensitive PCR-based assays to evaluate the current STH-transmission status and to describe epidemiological characteristics of areas of Japan believed to have achieved historical elimination of STHs. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 682 preschool- and school-aged children from six localities of Japan with previously high prevalence of STH. Caregivers of participants completed a questionnaire to ascertain access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and potential exposures to environmental contamination. For fecal testing, multi-parallel real-time PCR assays were used to detect infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura. Results: Among the 682 children, no positive samples were identified, and participants reported high standards of WASH. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first STH-surveillance study in Japan to use sensitive molecular techniques for STH detection. The results suggest that recrudescence of STH infections has not occurred, and that declines in prevalence have been sustained in the sampled areas. These findings suggest that reductions in prevalence below the elimination thresholds, suggestive of transmission interruption, are possible. Additionally, this study provides circumstantial evidence that multi-parallel real-time PCR methods are applicable for evaluating elimination status in areas where STH prevalence is extremely low.[Figure not available: see fulltext.
Information studies at university attache schools : Scientific researches with the use of a TV conference system
What does soil-transmitted helminth elimination look like? Results from a targeted molecular detection survey in Japan
Background: Japan is one of the few countries believed to have eliminated soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). In 1949, the national prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 62.9%, which decreased to 0.6% in 1973 due to improvements in infrastructure, socioeconomic status, and the implementation of national STH control measures. The Parasitosis Prevention Law ended in 1994 and population-level screening ceased in Japan; therefore, current transmission status of STH in Japan is not well characterized. Sporadic cases of STH infections continue to be reported, raising the possibility of a larger-scale recrudescence of STH infections. Given that traditional microscopic detection methods are not sensitive to low-intensity STH infections, we conducted targeted prevalence surveys using sensitive PCR-based assays to evaluate the current STH-transmission status and to describe epidemiological characteristics of areas of Japan believed to have achieved historical elimination of STHs. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 682 preschool- and school-aged children from six localities of Japan with previously high prevalence of STH. Caregivers of participants completed a questionnaire to ascertain access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and potential exposures to environmental contamination. For fecal testing, multi-parallel real-time PCR assays were used to detect infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura. Results: Among the 682 children, no positive samples were identified, and participants reported high standards of WASH. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first STH-surveillance study in Japan to use sensitive molecular techniques for STH detection. The results suggest that recrudescence of STH infections has not occurred, and that declines in prevalence have been sustained in the sampled areas. These findings suggest that reductions in prevalence below the elimination thresholds, suggestive of transmission interruption, are possible. Additionally, this study provides circumstantial evidence that multi-parallel real-time PCR methods are applicable for evaluating elimination status in areas where STH prevalence is extremely low.[Figure not available: see fulltext.
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