Revision of <i>Kyphosichthys grandei</i> Xu & Wu, 2012 from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan Province, South China: implications for phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes

<p>The hump-backed ginglymodian fish <i>Kyphosichthys grandei</i>, from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of South China, is re-described. The revised description presents much previously unknown or misidentified anatomical information, such as the presence of a median gular plate; a short, broad, squarish rostral; two pairs of extrascapulars, of which the lateral one is fused with the parietal bone; parasphenoid having relatively large, dorsoposteriorly oriented ascending processes which articulate with the sphenotics; a complete row of scales bordering the body lobe; and supracleithrum with a concave facet for articulation with the posttemporal, etc. Taxonomical comparison clearly distinguishes <i>Kyphosichthys</i> from other known hump-backed ginglymodians – that is, <i>Luoxiongichthys</i>, <i>Lophionotus</i>, <i>Semiolepis</i> and <i>Paralepidotus</i> – and a potential stem-group ginglymodian <i>Dapedium</i>. A more comprehensive cladistic analysis of the Ginglymodi is conducted herein based on incorporation of more morphological characters and taxa, and rectification of the character states of some taxa used in previous analyses after re-description of <i>Kyphosichthys grandei</i> and better knowledge of <i>Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis</i> and <i>Sangiorgioichthys sui</i> based on our observations of specimens at the Geological Museum of Peking University, Beijing, China. The results of our analysis produce the most completely resolved and best-supported hypothesis for the monophyletic group Semionotiformes to date, and also support a new hypothesis that the Middle Triassic ginglymodians <i>Luoxiongichthys</i>, <i>Sangiorgioichthys</i> and <i>Kyphosichthys</i> form a monophyletic group at the base of the Ginglymodi, of which <i>Kyphosichthys grandei</i> is the sister group of <i>Sangiorgioichthys sui</i>. The new family Kyphosichthyidae is introduced. The present contribution supplements previous analyses of the Ginglymodi, especially for basal taxa and the clade Semionotiformes, and sheds new light on the origin and early diversification of the Ginglymodi.</p> <p><a href="http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C8ACA263-8658-4A66-BFF9-99F6D5C84E91" target="_blank">http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C8ACA263-8658-4A66-BFF9-99F6D5C84E91</a></p

Semi-active vibration control of building structure by Self Tuned Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller

Control algorithms are the most crucial aspects in effective control of civil structures exposed to earthquake forces. Recently, adaptive intelligent control algorithms are evolving to be a viable substitute strategy for conventional model-based control algorithms. One of the most recent developments, known as the Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC), has caught the attention of scientists as a model-free adaptive control system. It possesses appealing capabilities for dealing with nonlinearities and uncertainties in control frameworks. The modern semi-actively controlled civil structures have a highly uncertain and nonlinear nature following severe disturbances. As a result, these structures require real-time (online) robust control actions towards changing conditions, which the controllers with rigid settings cannot adapt. This study intends to overcome this issue in two ways: an online self-tuning brain emotional learning-based intelligent controller (ST-BELBIC) is formulated. Then its capabilities in improving the performance of cascaded controller in attenuating seismic vibrations of a three-story scaled building structure are validated. In this case, the central control unit BELBIC is based on sensory inputs (SI) and emotional cues (reward) signals. The main contribution of the proposed controller is a self-attuned version of the standard BELBIC that uses the benefits of a first-order Sugano fuzzy inference system (FIS) to adapt its parameters online. The proposed control methodology can be a promising model-free controller in terms of online tuning, simplicity of configuration, ease of applicability, less operational time, and neutralizing nonlinearities. The simulation affirms that the proposed controller compared with conventional LQR and intelligent Fuzzy tuned PID (FT-PID) controllers shows a superior performance regarding attenuating seismic responses of the building and can also improve the performance of cascaded FT-PID controller

A NEW PERLEIDID FROM THE SPATHIAN (OLENEKIAN, EARLY TRIASSIC) OF CHAOHU, ANHUI PROVINCE, CHINA

A new actinopterygian genus and species, Chaohuperleidus  primus gen. n. n. sp., is described from the Upper Member of the Nanlinghu Formation (Spathian, Olenekian, Early Triassic) at Majiashan (Majia Hill), Chaohu City, Anhui Province, Southeast China. The new taxon is assigned to the order Perleidiformes on the base of a combination of features: large wedge-like preoperculum with expanded infraorbital process and sensory canal running almost vertical along the posterior margin of the preoperculum itself, flank scalessomewhat higher than longer in the trunk region and presence of epaxial rays in the caudal fin.AmongPerleidiformes, the new taxonbelongsto thePerleididae, being very similar to Perleidus in the general body shape, pattern of the skull bones, the dentitionmade of peg-like marginal teeth,and number of epaxial rays. The new genus is characterized by the presence of a very large antero-dorsal process on the suboperculum, a high number (about 55) of transversal scale rows and dorsal and anal fin quite posterior. Chaohuperleidus gen. n., beingSpathianin age,represents the oldest record of the order Perleidiformes.

Performance Study of Origami Crash Tubes Based on Energy Dissipation History

Thin-walled tubes are widely used as energy-absorbing components in traffic vehicles, which can absorb part of the energy in time by using the plastic deformation of the components during collision so as to reduce the damage of the vehicle body and improve the overall safety and reliability of traffic vehicles. The prefolded design of thin-walled tube components can guide it to achieve the ideal energy dissipation performance according to the preset damage path, so the related research based on origami tubes has attracted a lot of attention. Since the geometry of the origami tubes is controlled by many parameters and stress and deformation is a complex nonlinear damage process, most of the previous studies adopted the method of case analysis to carry out numerical simulation and experimental verification of the relevant influence parameters. This paper makes a new exploration of this kind of problem and focuses on solving the related technical problems in three aspects: 1. The automatic model modeling and 3D display based on parameters are proposed; 2. System integration using Python programming to automatically generate the data files of ABAQUS for finite element simulation was realized, and we sorted the finite element analysis results into an artificial intelligence analysis data set; 3. Clustering analysis of the energy consumption history of the data set is carried out using a machine learning algorithm, and the key design parameters that affect the energy consumption history are studied in depth. The sensitivity of the energy absorption performance of the origami tubes with multi-morphology patterns to the crease spacing is studied, and it is shown that the concave–convex crease spacing distribution with a distance larger than 18 mm could be used to activate specific crushing modes. In the optimal case, its initial peak force is reduced by 66.6% compared to uniformly spaced creases, while the average crushing force is essentially the same. Furthermore, this paper finds a new path to optimizing the design of parameters for origami tubes including a multi-morphology origami pattern from the perspective of energy dissipation

FUYUANPERLEIDUS DENGI GENG ET AL., 2012 (OSTEICHTHYES, ACTINOPTERYGII) FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC OF YUNNAN PROVINCE, SOUTH CHINA

Two well preserved specimens of Fuyuanperleidus dengi Geng et al., 2012 are described from the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation (Pelsonian, Anisian, Middle Triassic) in Luoping County, Yunnan Province, South China. The attribution  to Perleidiformes is confirmed according to a combination of features such as the general skull pattern, with the large preoperculum showing a prominent infraorbital process, the maxilla with deep posterior region and a dentition made of  long and stout peg-like teeth with an acuminate apex, the deep mid-lateral flank scales and the caudal fin with epaxial fin rays. However, this taxon shows an unique arrangement of the squamation (here considered as autapomorphy) given by the insertion of several scales in each vertical row posterior to the pelvic fin, just below the scales carrying the lateral line, when their depth decreases abruptly. Owing to this unique character, and  in spite of the very recent description of this genus, the authors considered necessary the erection of a new family, Fuyuanperleididae offering also new insights on the evolutionary trends and morphological specializations of the “subholosteans”. A cladistic analysis of the well known perleidiformes, with this taxon included, supports a possible monophyly of the order, and matches well the paleobiogeographic relationships of the Gondwana fresh-water taxa. The specialized deep-bodied Gondwana and Tethyan perleidiformes are independently evolved, ascertained by the parsimony analysis.

OLDEST STEM TELEOSTEI FROM THE LATE LADINIAN (MIDDLE TRIASSIC) OF SOUTHERN CHINA

The origin of the largest modern vertebrate group, the Teleostei, saw major refinements in the last decades, thanks to newly discovered and stratigraphically closely spaced Triassic Lagerstätten. Here we report the oldest Pholidophoriformes (stem teleosts) that were collected during a large scale yet detailed excavation of Upper Ladinian (Middle Triassic) marine deposits in Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, China. Taxonomic comparisons support the erection of a new pholidophorid genus, Malingichthys gen. nov., with two species. The new genus shows a partially fused skull roof, a preopercular bone with a hockey-stick shape and, for the first time in Pholidophoridae, supraneural elements. Most Triassic marine vertebrate clades (fishes and reptiles, Malingichthys included) first emerged in the South China Block, with Late Ladinian most showing an important faunal transformation that was strengthened by our last findings. The material here described is about 2 million years older than the previous records for pholidophorids.

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS COLOBODUS AGASSIZ, 1844 (OSTEICHTHYES, ACTINOPTERYGII) FROM THE PELSONIAN (ANISIAN, MIDDLE TRIASSIC)OF GUIZHOU, SOUTH CHINA

Eight almost complete medium-large sized (about 33 cm in s.l.) fossil fishes, belonging to the family Colobodontidae, are described from the Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of South China. Their cranial and postcranial features fit those of the genus Colobodus Agassiz, 1844 from the western Tethys. However, they are older than the previously known Colobodus species and, furthermore, they come far from the western Tethys, where most colobodontids have been found so far. The significance of our new findings, beyond the erection of a new species, lies in the fact that they are the first definite record of Colobodus outside the western Tethyan faunal province, and represent the oldest unequivocal colobodontids worldwide, as well as suggest that they could have originated in the East rather than the western Tethys, as previously thought.