Quantitative Assessment of Flame Stability Through Image Processing and Spectral Analysis

This paper experimentally investigates two generalized methods, i.e., a simple universal index and oscillation frequency, for the quantitative assessment of flame stability at fossil-fuel-fired furnaces. The index is proposed to assess the stability of flame in terms of its color, geometry, and luminance. It is designed by combining up to seven characteristic parameters extracted from flame images. The oscillation frequency is derived from the spectral analysis of flame radiation signals. The measurements involved in these two methods do not require prior knowledge about fuel property, burner type, and other operation conditions. They can therefore be easily applied to flame stability assessment without costly and complex adaption. Experiments were carried out on a 9-MW heavy-oil-fired combustion test rig over a wide range of combustion conditions including variations in swirl vane position of the tertiary air, swirl vane position of the secondary air, and the ratio of the primary air to the total air. The impact of these burner parameters on the stability of heavy oil flames is investigated by using the index and oscillation frequency proposed. The experimental results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods and the importance of maintaining a stable flame for reduced NOx emissions. It is envisaged that such methods can be easily transferred to existing flame closed-circuit television systems and flame failure detectors in power stations for flame stability monitoring

A review of the enhancement of bio-hydrogen generation by chemicals addition

Bio-hydrogen production (BHP) produced from renewable bio-resources is an attractive route for green energy production, due to its compelling advantages of relative high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and lower ecological impact. This study reviewed different BHP pathways, and the most important enzymes involved in these pathways, to identify technological gaps and effective approaches for process intensification in industrial applications. Among the various approaches reviewed in this study, a particular focus was set on the latest methods of chemicals/metal addition for improving hydrogen generation during dark fermentation (DF) processes; the up-to-date findings of different chemicals/metal addition methods have been quantitatively evaluated and thoroughly compared in this paper. A new efficiency evaluation criterion is also proposed, allowing different BHP processes to be compared with greater simplicity and validity

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation in Well Control Risk Assessment Based on AHP: A Case Study

To give a quantitative description of well control risk, a multi-layer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on AHP (analytic hierarchy process) is used. During the evaluation, risk factors and weight are given by Delphi method and AHP method. A multi-level and multi-factor evaluation system is built including four level-one factors of geologic uncertainty, well control equipments, techniques and crew quality, and fourteen level-two factors. Then a calculation is given with an oilfield in West China. The result shows geologic uncertainty is the primary factor leading to well control risks and the grade of well control risk is “higher risk”. The application result indicates that well control risk assessment by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is feasible.Key words: Risk assessment; Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; Analytic hierarchy process; Weight; Risk facto