9 research outputs found
Electron Sources for Accelerators
Electron sources are essential to an array of electron accelerator supporting
research in high-energy physics and beyond. This report summarizes the
"Snowmass 2021 Electron Source Workshop" which reviewed the current
state-of-the art research and identified some possible research directions
Ion Sources for Production of Highly Charged Ion Beams
Intense Highly Charged Ion Beams (HCIB) from injector and charge-breeder ion
sources at heavy ion accelerator facilities are in demand to expand research in
particle and nuclear physics as well as for radiation effects testing. With
current accelerator upgrades and advances in accelerator technologies, not all
HCIB demands can be met with existing ion sources. Continued Research and
Development (R&D) in this field are therefore essential to continually improve
their performance and match the unprecedented and increasingly higher HCIB
requirements from the accelerator community. This White Paper discusses the
present production capabilities of ion sources of HCIB, and the potentials of
future Highly Charged Ion (HCI) sources. It discusses the strengths and
weaknesses of such sources along with paths forward for improving their
performance to meet the requirements of present and future heavy ion
accelerator facilities. This document is meant to be utilized as a basis to
guide the conceptual design of future accelerators.Comment: White Paper on Ion Sources for Production of Highly Charged Ion
Beams, 52 page
Investigation on the immunomodulatory activities of Sarcodon imbricatus extracts in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressanted mouse model
Acitretin modulates HaCaT cells proliferation through STAT1- and STAT3-dependent signaling
Optimization extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharide from wild Russula griseocarnosa
Imperatorin protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury through activation of ERK signaling pathway
Eliciting national and subnational sets of disability weights in mainland China: Findings from the Chinese disability weight measurement study
Background: The disability weight (DW) quantifies the severity of health states from disease sequela and is a pivotal parameter for disease burden calculation. We conducted a national and subnational DW measurement in China. Methods: In 2020–2021, we conducted a web-based survey to assess DWs for 206 health states in 31 Chinese provinces targeting health workers via professional networks. We fielded questions of paired comparison (PC) and population health equivalence (PHE). The PC data were analysed by probit regression analysis, and the regression results were anchored by results from the PHE responses on the DW scale between 0 (no loss of health) and 1 (health loss equivalent to death). Findings: We used PC responses from 468,541 respondents to estimate DWs of health states. Eight of 11 domains of health had significantly negative coefficients in the regression of the difference between Chinese and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) DWs, suggesting lower DW values for health states with mention of these domains in their lay description. We noted considerable heterogeneity within domains, however. After applying these Chinese DWs to the 2019 GBD estimates for China, total years lived with disability (YLDs) increased by 14·9% to 177 million despite lower estimates for musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The lower estimates of YLDs for these conditions were more than offset by higher estimates of common, low-severity conditions. Interpretation: The differences between the GBD and Chinese DWs suggest that there might be some contextual factors influencing the valuation of health states. While the reduced estimates for mental disorders, alcohol use disorder, and dementia could hint at a culturally different valuation of these conditions in China, the much greater shifts in YLDs from low-severity conditions more likely reflects methodological difficulty to distinguish between health states that vary a little in absolute DW value but a lot in relative terms. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 82173626], the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant numbers 2018YFC1315302], Wuhan Medical Research Program of Joint Fund of Hubei Health Committee [grant number WJ2019H304], and Ningxia Natural Science Foundation Project [grant number 2020AAC03436]
Eliciting national and subnational sets of disability weights in mainland China: Findings from the Chinese disability weight measurement study
Summary: Background: The disability weight (DW) quantifies the severity of health states from disease sequela and is a pivotal parameter for disease burden calculation. We conducted a national and subnational DW measurement in China. Methods: In 2020–2021, we conducted a web-based survey to assess DWs for 206 health states in 31 Chinese provinces targeting health workers via professional networks. We fielded questions of paired comparison (PC) and population health equivalence (PHE). The PC data were analysed by probit regression analysis, and the regression results were anchored by results from the PHE responses on the DW scale between 0 (no loss of health) and 1 (health loss equivalent to death). Findings: We used PC responses from 468,541 respondents to estimate DWs of health states. Eight of 11 domains of health had significantly negative coefficients in the regression of the difference between Chinese and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) DWs, suggesting lower DW values for health states with mention of these domains in their lay description. We noted considerable heterogeneity within domains, however. After applying these Chinese DWs to the 2019 GBD estimates for China, total years lived with disability (YLDs) increased by 14·9% to 177 million despite lower estimates for musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The lower estimates of YLDs for these conditions were more than offset by higher estimates of common, low-severity conditions. Interpretation: The differences between the GBD and Chinese DWs suggest that there might be some contextual factors influencing the valuation of health states. While the reduced estimates for mental disorders, alcohol use disorder, and dementia could hint at a culturally different valuation of these conditions in China, the much greater shifts in YLDs from low-severity conditions more likely reflects methodological difficulty to distinguish between health states that vary a little in absolute DW value but a lot in relative terms. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 82173626], the National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant numbers 2018YFC1315302], Wuhan Medical Research Program of Joint Fund of Hubei Health Committee [grant number WJ2019H304], and Ningxia Natural Science Foundation Project [grant number 2020AAC03436]